Table 2.

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron, sublineage BA.1) spike protein influencing immune escape via antibody recognition sites and/or antigenic drift.^a

Mutation	Frequency (%)b	Remarks	Reference
H69del	20.35	H69del+V70del have 2-fold higher infectivity compared to the wild type. H69del+V70del-containing viruses showed reduced neutralization sensitivity to mAbc COVA1-21, targeting an as-yet-undefined epitope outside the RBDd	[16]
V70del	20.37	H69del+V70del have 2-fold higher infectivity compared to the wild type. H69del+V70del-containing viruses showed reduced neutralization sensitivity to mAb COVA1-21, targeting an as-yet-undefined epitope outside the RBD	[16]
V143del	0.12	N/Ae	[16]
Y144del	20.94	Decreased sensitivity to convalescent sera	[25,26]
Y145del	2.33	Decreased sensitivity to convalescent sera	[16,25,26]
G339D	0.01	N/A	[16]
S371L	0.00	N/A	[16,21]
S373P	0.01	N/A	[16,21]
S375F	0.00	N/A	[16,27]
K417N	0.83	N/A	[16,21,28]
N440K	0.17	N/A	[16,21]
G446S	0.01	N/A	[16,28]
S477N	1.31	S477N was also resistant to neutralization by the human convalescent sera tested in this study, but not to vaccine-elicited sera	[16,21,29]
E484A	0.02	N/A	[27]
Q493R	0.01	N/A	[30,31]
G496S	0.01	N/A	[21]
Q498R	0.00	N/A	[16,27]
N501Y	24.11	Associated with increased transmissibility and increased affinity for human ACE2f receptor	[16,21,28,32]
H655Y	2.25	N/A	[34-36]

^aBased on the genomic sequences of Omicron uploaded on GISAID [16] (last date of collection December 10, 2021).

^bAmong all SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences uploaded on GISAID [16].

^cmAB: monoclonal antibody.

^dRBD: receptor-binding domain.

^eN/A: not applicable.

^fACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.