Table 3.
Comparison of Concordant and Discordant Parent-Reported Ever Child ADHD Diagnosis and Parent- and TeacherReported ADHD Symptoms by Selected Demographic Characteristics.
| Ever ADHD diagnosis and symptoms match | Ever ADHD diagnosis, without ADHD symptoms | No ADHD diagnosis, with ADHD symptoms | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| n = 427* | n = 112* | n = 22* | |||
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| Demographic characteristic | % [95% CI]† | % [95% CI]† | % [95% CI]† | Total | p-Value§ |
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| Overall | 78.7 [73.0, 83.7] | 18.6 [13.7, 24.3] | 2.7 [1.5, 4.4] | 100% | |
| Child sex | .009§ | ||||
| Male | 72.2 [62.4, 80.6] | 23.9 [15.7, 33.8] | 3.9 [1.9, 7,2]¶ | 52.1 [47.9, 56.3] | |
| Female | 85.8 [80.9, 89.7] | 12.9 [8.9, 17.8] | 1.3 [0.3, 3.5]¶ | 47.9 [43.7, 52.1] | |
| Child mean age | 12.4 ± 0.3 | 13.3 ± 0.8 | 10.5 ± 1.2 | 12.5 ± 0.3 | .191 |
| Child age group (years) | .348 | ||||
| 5–11 | 79.4 [74.6, 83.6] | 16.8 [13.0, 21.3] | 3.8 [2.0, 6.5] | 42.1 [38.0, 46.3] | |
| 12–19 | 78.2 [68.6, 86.0] | 19.9 [12.2, 29.6] | 1.9 [0.6, 4.6]¶ | 57.9 [53.7, 62.0] | |
| Child race/ethnicity** | .76 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 77.8 [69.5, 84.7] | 19.3 [12.5, 27.6] | 3.0 [1.3, 5.7]¶ | 62.2 [56.5, 67.6] | |
| Other | 80.3 [72.7, 86.5] | 17.5 [11.4, 25.2] | 2.2 [0.8, 4.8]¶ | 37.8 [32.4, 43.5] | |
| Inadequate or no insurance†† | .448 | ||||
| Yes | 81.5 [74.2, 87.4] | 15.0 [9.9, 21.4] | 3.5 [0.9, 8.9]¶ | 29.7 [24.7, 35.0] | |
| No | 77.6 [69.9, 84.1] | 20.1 [13.7, 28.0] | 2.3 [1.1, 4.3] | 70.3 [65.0, 75.3] | |
| Public insurance§§ | .003§ | ||||
| Yes | 71.0 [61.4, 79.4] | 27.4 [19.0, 37.3] | 1.6 [0.5, 3.7] | 47.7 [41.7, 53.8] | |
| No | 85.7 [80.2, 90.2] | 10.6 [6.8, 15.5] | 3.7 [1.6, 7.0]¶ | 52.3 [46.2, 58.3] | |
| Parent college or technical school diploma | .124 | ||||
| Yes | 80.7 [71.5, 87.9] | 15.7 [8.8, 25.1] | 3.6 [1.7, 6.6]¶ | 56.3 [50.4, 62.1] | |
| No | 76.1 [69.1, 82.2] | 22.4 [16.4, 29.5] | 1.5 [0.4, 3.7]¶ | 43.7 [37.9, 49.6] | |
| Federal poverty level¶¶ | .003§ | ||||
| ≤200% (lower income) | 75.4 [69.8, 80.4] | 21.5 [16.9, 26.8] | 3.0 [1.2, 6.1]¶ | 49.0 [43.1, 54.8] | |
| >200% (higher income) | 87.3 [82.0, 91.5] | 10.1 [6.4, 15.1] | 2.6 [1.0, 5.5]¶ | 51.0 [45.2, 56.9] | |
Note. CI = confidence interval.
Total n’s shown for each category are unweighted; all analyses are weighted to account for complex sampling.
Percentages are weighted. Row percentages might not sum to 100% because of rounding.
p-Value for weighted analysis of variance F-test (continuous variable) or weighted Wald chi-square test (categorical variable). All p-values of <.05 indicate significant difference between concordant and discordant groups.
Estimate is unstable; relative standard error is between 30% and 50%.
Other race/ethnicity category includes non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asian, and other.
Inadequate or no insurance based on a negative value for any of four variables based on these questions: (1) “Does your child have any kind of health care coverage, including health insurance, prepaid plans such as HMOs, or government plans such as Medicaid?” (2) “Does your child’s health insurance offer benefits (or cover services) that meet his/her needs?” (3) “Does your child’s health insurance allow your child to see the health care providers he/she needs?” (4) “Not including health insurance premiums or costs that are covered by insurance, do you pay any money for your child’s health care?” and if yes, “How often are these costs reasonable?”.
Parents reported whether the child had public insurance (i.e., Medicaid; yes/no).
The relationship of household income to the federal poverty level was calculated using 2016 HHS poverty guidelines: https://aspe.hhs.gov/2016-poverty-guidelines.