Fig. 7.

Summary of all investigated activities of Pluchea indica leaf extract (PIE) in high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD)-fed rats. PIE could decrease body weight gain, energy intake, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, and could ultimately attenuate hepatic steatosis. PIE downregulated the genes associated with hepatic lipogenesis and upregulated genes related to fatty-acid oxidation in HFFD-fed rats. Collectively, these findings show beneficial roles of PIE on dyslipidemia and NAFLD. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; FFA, free fatty acid; TG, triglyceride; VLDL-C, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.