Table 2.
Percent distribution of bivariate analysis of child marriage prevalence among ever married women (20–29 years) by background characteristics, 2007–2018 DHS, Zambia
| Background characteristics | DHS 2007 (N = 2219) | DHS 2013–14 (N = 4376) | DHS 2018 (N = 3395) |
|---|---|---|---|
| % (CI) | % (CI) | % (CI) | |
| Age | *** | * | ** |
| 20–24 | 56.5 [48.8,54.1] | 49.3 [46.6,52.1] | 48.1 [45.0,51.4] |
| 25–29 | 47.2 [43.9,50.6] | 44.7 [42.0,47.5] | 41.0 [37.9,44.2] |
| Residence | *** | *** | *** |
| Urban | 41.7 [36.7,46.8] | 39.0 [35.5,42.7] | 34.1 [30.1,38.3] |
| Rural | 57.2 [54.4,60.0] | 52.5 [50.0,54.9] | 51.5 [49.1,53.8] |
| Province | *** | *** | *** |
| Central | 49.7 [43.2,56.3] | 48.5 [43.0,54.0] | 44.8 [39.5,50.2] |
| Copperbelt | 46.1 [37.1,55.4] | 38.4 [32.5,44.6] | 31.7 [25.0,39.3] |
| Eastern | 61.6 [56.4,66.6] | 57.6 [51.5,63.4] | 56.6 [51.7,61.5] |
| Luapula | 62.2 [55.5,68.5] | 47.9 [41.5,54.3] | 45.0 [40.4,49.7] |
| Lusaka | 43.1 [35.7,50.8] | 42.2 [36.1,48.5] | 36.6 [30.4,43.3] |
| Muchinga | – | 54.3 [48.2,60.2] | 52.0 [45.5,58.3] |
| Northern | 58.2 [52.3,63.9] | 55.3 [49.8,60.7] | 54.3 [49.0,59.6] |
| North-Western | 56.8 [47.1,65.9] | 44.3 [38.0,50.8] | 34.6 [26.0,44.2] |
| Southern | 45.7 [39.0,52.6] | 48.1 [43.0,53.3] | 49.1 [43.5,54.7] |
| Western | 39.9 [31.0,49.5] | 32.2 [25.2,40.0] | 37.5 [30.6,44.8] |
| Education level | *** | *** | *** |
| None | 67.7 [61.6,73.3] | 62.8 [57.2,68.1] | 65.1 [57.8,71.8] |
| Primary | 60.5 [57.4,63.5] | 58.9 [56.4,61.3] | 58.7 [55.9,61.5] |
| Secondary | 31.6 [27.7,35.9] | 31.6 [28.7,34.7] | 29.9 [27.1,32.9] |
| Higher | 5.2 [1.7,15.2] | 3.6 [1.5,8.4] | 1.9 [0.7,5.1] |
| Age at first Sex | *** | *** | *** |
| Less than 15 | 66.4 [59.7,72.4] | 66.4 [60.6,71.8] | 69.8 [65.3,73.9] |
| 15–19 | 48.1 [44.6,51.7] | 41.7 [39.1,44.4] | 43.0 [40.5,45.5] |
| 20–24 | 6.7 [3.4,12.9] | 2.2 [0.9,5.0] | 7.0 [1.7,7.4] |
| Age at firth birth | *** | *** | *** |
| Less than 15 | 82.1 [71.8,89.2] | 81.4 [73.9,87.0] | 85.9 [79.3,90.6] |
| 15–19 | 69.0 [66.0,71.8] | 61.4 [59.0,63.6] | 58.7 [56.3,61.2] |
| 20–29 | 11.5 [8.8,14.9] | 8.5 [6.6,10.9] | 6.5 [4.8,8.8] |
| Wealth status | *** | *** | *** |
| Poor | 59.3 [55.9,62.7] | 55.3 [52.6,58.0] | 53.2 [50.4,55.9] |
| Middle | 56.2 [51.4,60.9] | 49.9 [46.0,53.7] | 50.3 [46.3,54.4] |
| Rich | 41.7 [37.0,46.5] | 36.5 [32.8,40.3] | 32.3 [28.4,36.3] |
| Employment status | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| Not working | 48.9 [45.1,52.8] | 45.3 [42.3,48.3] | 44.0 [40.3,47.7] |
| Working | 53.4 [50.0,56.8] | 47.9 [45.2,50.7] | 44.4 [41.1,47.8] |
| Education level of partner | *** | *** | *** |
| None | 68.2 [59.1,76.1] | 65.7 [58.9,71.8] | 65.9 [55.7,74.8] |
| Primary | 58.8 [55.6,62.0] | 58.9 [55.8,61.9] | 55.7 [52.0,59.2] |
| Secondary | 46.8 [42.9,50.8] | 41.4 [38.8,44.1] | 38.9 [35.7,42.2] |
| Higher | 19.9 [13.4,28.4] | 12.9 [9.1,18.0] | 14.5 [10.1,20.5] |
| Employment status of partner | Ns | *** | |
| Not working | – | 39.4 [25.5,55.4] | 54.7 [48.4,60.8] |
| Working | – | 47.0 [44.9,49.1] | 42.5 [39.8,45.3] |
| FP Media exposure | *** | *** | *** |
| No | 55.2 [52.8,57.7] | 50.4 [48.3,52.5] | 46.5 [44.2,48.8] |
| Yes | 35.4 [29.1,42.1] | 31.8 [27.2,36.7] | 28.5 [23.2,34.4] |
| Desired family size | *** | *** | *** |
| 0–3 | 32.5 [28.0,37.3] | 36.3 [32.5,40.3] | 34.6 [30.4,39.1] |
| 4–5 | 53.0 [49.6,56.3] | 45.6 [42.8,48.3] | 43.6 [40.7,46.5] |
| 6 + | 64.6 [60.3,68.7] | 57.9 [54.2,61.5] | 56.4 [52.6,60.2] |
| Total | 51.5 [48.8, 54.1] | 46.5 [44.6, 48.8] | 44.4 [42.1,46.7] |
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; Ns Non-significant