Table 1.

Comparison of demographic and paraspinal muscle parameters between the non-Frail and Frail groups

	non-Frail (n = 127)	Frail (n = 73)	P value
Age	68 (64, 73)	70 (66, 73)	0.076
Male (%)	59 (46.46)	31 (42.47)	0.585
BMI	25.01 (22.86, 27.04)	25.24 (23.13, 28.18)	0.423
tCSA	46.42 ± 8.47	44.60 ± 8.27	0.143
fCSA	32.78 (28.52, 38.28)	28.50 (24.11, 34.77)	< 0.001*
ES FI%	24.83 ± 6.61	29.60 ± 7.92	< 0.001*
MF FI%	31.68 ± 5.63	41.12 ± 7.04	< 0.001*

BMI Body mass index, tCSA Total cross-sectional area, fCSA Functional cross-sectional area, ES FI% Erector spinae fatty infiltration rate, MF FI% Multifidus fatty infiltration rate, * Statistical significance at the level of 0.05