Table 2.
Detection of at-risk individuals.
| Outreach and service promotion | All services, n (%) | Integrated, n (%) | Standalone, n (%) | Statisticsa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Report regular outreach and service promotion activities | 20 (100) | 16 (100) | 4 (100) | Fisher's exact test (p-value) |
| Yes | 15 (75) | 11 (68.75) | 4 (100) | 0.53 |
| Mental health awareness and promotion for professionals | 11 (55) | 8 (50) | 3 (75) | 0.59 |
| Intensive networking with local or community stakeholders | 9 (45) | 5 (31.25) | 4 (100) | 0.26 |
| Mental health awareness and promotion for community organizations | 9 (45) | 6 (37.5) | 3 (75) | 0.29 |
| Training in early psychosis detection skills | 7 (35) | 3 (18.75) | 4 (100) | 0.007 |
| Psychoeducation workshops aimed at the general population | 5 (25) | 3 (18.75) | 2 (50) | 0.25 |
| Mental health awareness and promotion for general population | 4 (20) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (50) | 0.16 |
| Print media (e.g., brochures, posters, newsletters) | 4 (20) | 3 (18.75) | 1 (25) | 1.00 |
| Media presence (e.g., TV, radio) | 2 (10) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Roadshows and presence in public events | 2 (10) | 1 (6.25) | 1 (25) | 0.37 |
| Stigma reduction activities/anti-stigma campaigns | 2 (10) | 1 (6.25) | 1 (25) | 0.37 |
| Student internships | 2 (10) | 1 (6.25) | 1 (25) | 0.37 |
| On-site screening | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 0.20 |
| No | 5 (25) | 5 (31.25) | 0 | . |
| Online presence | 21 (100) | 17 (100) | 4 (100) | Fisher's exact test (p-value) |
| Service-specific website | 9 (42.86) | 6 (35.29) | 3 (75) | 0.27 |
| Social media presence | 6 (28.57) | 3 (17.65) | 3 (75) | 0.053 |
| None of the above | 8 (38.10) | 7 (41.18) | 1 (25) | 1.00 |
| Availability of self-referral | 21 (100) | 17 (100) | 4 (100) | Fisher's exact test (p-value) |
| Yes | 20 (95.24) | 16 (94.12) | 4 (100) | 1.00 |
| No | 1 (4.76) | 1 (5.88) | 0 | . |
| Caseload | ||||
| Is the caseload of CHR-P individuals capped at any given time? | 23 (100) | 19 (100) | 4 (100) | Fisher's exact test (p-value) |
| Yes | 5 (21.7) | 5 (26.32) | 0 | 0.54a |
| Average number of CHR-P service users | 23 (range: 15-33) | 23 (range: 15-33) | . | |
| No | 18 (78.3) | 14 (73.68) | 4 (100) | . |
| Intent or interest to increase caseload capacity for CHR-P individuals | 23 (100) | 19 (100) | 4 (100) | Fisher's exact test (p-value) |
| Yes | 15 (65.22) | 14 (73.68) | 1 (25) | 0.10a |
| No | 8 (34.78) | 5 (26.32) | 3 (75) | . |
| Yearly caseloadb of CHR-P or suspected-CHR-P individuals | 21 services | 18 services | 3 services | Mann-Whitney U-test |
| Total | 693 | 504 | 189 | . |
| Average | 33 (SD: 30.66) | 28 (SD: 29.12) | 63.00 (SD: 24.88) | Z = −2.014, p = 0.047 |
| Range | 4–115 | 4–115 | 36–85 | . |
| Median | 15 | 15 | 68 | . |
| Proportion of CHR-P individuals in yearly caseloadb | . | 14 services | 3 services | . |
| Total yearly caseload | . | 3,063 | 216 | . |
| Total CHR-P individuals in yearly caseload (percentage over total) | . | 441 (14.40) | 189 (87.5) | . |
CHR-P, Clinical high-risk state for psychosis; SD, Standard deviation.
aComparison of integrated vs. standalone services (there were no hub and spoke services). bLast 12 months. Bold indicates statistically significant values. ., Unavailable or non-applicable. Italics indicate total sample size for each variable across all services, integrated services, and standalone servies.