Table 3.
Prognostic assessment.
| Intake criteria | All services, n (%) | Psychosis risk assessment | All services, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age intake criteria | 23 (100) | Psychosis screening prior to initial assessment | 22 (100) | |
| 14–35 years | 13 (56.52) | Yes | 13 (59.1) | |
| 14–65 years | 3 (13.04) | Telephone | 9 (69.23) | |
| 18–35 years | 2 (8.70) | Face-to-face assessment | 6 (46.15) | |
| 14–18 years | 1 (4.35) | Online | 3 (23.08) | |
| 15–65 years | 1 (4.35) | No | 9 (40.9) | |
| 16–25 years | 1 (4.35) | |||
| 16–30 years | 1 (4.35) | Instrument for the assessment of psychosis risk | 23 (100) | |
| 18–65 years | 1 (4.35) | CAARMS | 22 (95.65) | |
| Psychosis risk clinical diagnosisa | 23 (100) | SIPS/SOPS | 1 (4.35) | |
| CHR-P statusb | 23 (100) | Trauma screening tool | 23 (100) | |
| DSM-5 attenuated psychosis syndrome | 5 (21.74) | Yes | 7 (30.4) | |
| Not meeting criteria for PANNS | 2 (8.70) | No | 16 (69.4) | |
| Outcome measures | All services, n (%) | Integrated, n (%) | Standalone, n (%) | Statistics c |
| Are outcomes measures and achievements systematically reviewed? | 20 (100) | 16 (100) | 4 (100) | Fisher's exact test (p-value) |
| Yes | 18 (90) | 14 (87.5) | 4 (100) | 1.00 |
| No | 2 (10) | 2 (12.5) | 0 | . |
| Regularly evaluated outcomes for CHR-P individuals | 20 (100) | 16 (100) | 4 (100) | Fisher's exact test (p-value) |
| Service user engagement or satisfaction with service | 19 (95) | 15 (93.75) | 4 (100) | 1.00 |
| Family or carer satisfaction with service | 15 (75) | 11 (68.75) | 4 (100) | 0.53 |
| General quality of life or wellbeing | 15 (75) | 12 (75) | 3 (75) | 1.00 |
| Improvement in social functioning | 15 (75) | 13 (81.25) | 2 (50) | 0.55 |
| Psychosis transition rates | 14 (70) | 10 (62.5) | 4 (100) | 0.27 |
| Improvement in occupational functioning | 14 (70) | 12 (75) | 2 (50) | 0.25 |
| Symptomatic persistence, improvement and remission | 13 (65) | 10 (62.5) | 3 (75) | 1.00 |
| Improvement in comorbid mental health conditions | 13 (65) | 11 (68.75) | 2 (50) | 0.59 |
| Number of users entering employment or education | 11 (55) | 8 (50) | 3 (75) | 0.59 |
| Time to receiving treatment | 10 (50) | 8 (50) | 2 (50) | 1.00 |
| Number of referrals to service | 7 (35) | 6 (37.5) | 1 (25) | 1.00 |
| Hospitalization | 6 (30) | 5 (31.25) | 1 (25) | 1.00 |
| Physical health | 6 (30) | 6 (37.5) | 0 (0) | 0.27 |
| Other outcomes regarding service operation | 4 (20) | 4 (25) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
CAARMS, Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States; CHR-P, Clinical high-risk state for psychosis; PANNS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SIPS, Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes; SOPS, Scale of Prodromal Symptoms.
aNot mutually exclusive.
bCAARMS, SIPS/SOPS.
cComparison of integrated vs. standalone services (there were no hub and spoke services). Italics indicate total sample size for each variable across all services, integrated services, and standalone servies.