Table 3.
Spatial Linear Models of Child Maltreatment Report Rates (per 1,000 children) by Age and Maltreatment Type, Illinois Zip Codes, 2011-2018.
| Coefficient (95% confidence interval) |
Coefficient relative to mean Y (95% confidence interval) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age-specific report rate | Age 0-5 N1=10,545; N2=1,347 |
Age 6-11 N1=10,547; N2=1,350 |
Age 12-17 N1=10,575; N2=1,348 |
Age 0-5 Mean Y=51.6 |
Age 6-11 Mean Y=45.2 |
Age 12-17 Mean Y=34.9 |
| Food insecurity rate (1 unit=10-percentage-point) |
||||||
| Within-effect | 6.8 (3.2, 10.3) | 10.8 (7.7, 13.8) | 9.2 (6.7, 11.6) | 13.1% (6.2, 20.0) | 23.8% (16.9, 30.6) | 26.3% (19.3, 33.2) |
| Within-effect×Small urban | 12.3 (6.8, 17.8) | 13.3 (8.6, 18.0) | 9.8 (6.2, 13.3) | 23.9% (13.2, 34.6) | 29.4% (18.9, 39.9) | 28.0% (17.8, 38.2) |
| Within-effect×Rural | 8.5 (2.6, 14.4) | 6.7 (1.7, 11.7) | −0.8 (−4.7, 3.2) | 16.5% (5.1, 27.9) | 14.8% (3.7, 25.9) | −2.2% (−13.4, 9.1) |
| Between-effect | 16.0 (5.7, 26.4) | 15.8 (7.5, 24.2) | 12.3 (6.6, 18.0) | 30.9% (11.1, 51.1) | 34.9% (16.6, 53.5) | 35.2% (18.9, 51.7) |
| Type-specific report rate | Neglect N1=10,720; N2=1,358 |
Physical abuse N1=10,720; N2=1,358 |
Sexual abuse N1=10,720; N2=1,358 |
Neglect Mean Y=21.5 |
Physical abuse Mean Y=10.3 |
Sexual abuse Mean Y=5.2 |
|
| ||||||
| Food insecurity rate (1 unit=10-percentage-point) |
||||||
| Within-effect | 6.2 (4.8, 7.6) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.2) | 0.4 (−0.2, 0.9) | 28.8% (22.2, 35.4) | 14.6% (7.9, 21.2) | 7.2% (−3.2, 17.6) |
| Within-effect×Small urban | 4.5 (2.2, 6.7) | 3.8 (2.9, 4.8) | 2.9 (2.2, 3.5) | 20.7% (10.4, 31.0) | 37.1% (27.7, 46.8) | 55.0% (42.1, 67.8) |
| Within-effect×Rural | −0.7 (−3.0, 1.6) | 1.8 (0.7, 2.9) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.2) | −3.3% (−14.1, 7.4) | 17.0% (6.5, 27.7) | 45.5% (28.9, 61.9) |
| Between-effect | 10.0 (5.7, 14.4) | 3.3 (1.6, 5.0) | 2.3 (1.3, 3.5) | 46.5% (26.5, 66.7) | 32.0% (15.6, 48.1) | 44.9% (24.0, 66.0) |
Note. N1 = number of zip code-year observations. N2 = number of zip codes. Each model included a first-order temporal autoregressive random effect, a spatially conditional autoregressive random effect based on a first-order queen contiguity matrix, and all control variables (i.e., year-fixed effects, urbanicity, % children in poverty, % single-parent households, % persons aged ≥ 25 years with no high school diploma, median owner-occupied house values, % vacant housing units, % Black among children, % Latino among children, % foreign-born among persons, % children aged ≤ 17 years among persons, % male among adults aged 20-64 years, % elderly persons aged ≥ 65 years, % moved within one year among persons, and % children with disabilities). All estimates were weighted by the child population in each zip code. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < .05).