Table 1.

Characteristics of the six studies included in our analysis.

Trial	First Author, Year of Publication	Inclusion Criteria	Treatment Group (n/N)	Patients	Events
HORIZON	Richardson 2021 [5]	Patients had received at least two prior lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory agent and proteasome inhibitor, and were refractory to pomalidomide and/or an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. RRMM was defined as disease that was nonresponsive while on primary or salvage therapy or progressed within 60 days of last therapy.	melflufen plus dexamethasone	119	10
NCT01084252	Dimopolous 2020 [4]	Eligible patients had MM refractory to both an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) and a proteasome inhibitor (PI), or had been treated with ≥3 prior lines of therapy, including an IMiD and a PI. Patients had to have received an alkylating agent, achieved at least a minimal response to a prior line of therapy, and could have received prior stem cell transplant.	isatuximab plus dexamethasone	55	41
STORM	Chiari 2019 [2]	Eligible patients had measurable myeloma according to International Myeloma Working Group, had previously received treatment with bortezomib, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, daratumumab, glucocorticoids, and an alkylating agent, and had disease refractory to at least one immunomodulatory drug, one proteasome inhibitor, daratumumab, glucocorticoids, and their most recent regimen.	selinexor	122	121
DREAMM-2	Lonial 2021 [3]	Patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma with disease progression after three or more lines of therapy and who were refractory to immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors, as well as refractory or intolerant (or both) to an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2, were recruited.	belantamab	97	97
CARTITUDE-1	Berdeja 2021 [7]	Patients with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma who received three or more previous lines of therapy or were double-refractory to a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory drug and had received a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug, and anti-CD38 antibody	ciltacabtagene autoleucel	97	88
KarMMa	Munshi 2021 [8]	Patients with disease after at least three previous regiments, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 antibody were enrolled	idecabtagene vicleucel	128	101