Table 1.
Overview of the scope of data collection in the Boston Birth Cohort.
| Domains of influence | Levels of influence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual | Family/interpersonal | Community/society | |
| Biological | Genomewide genotypes; metabolome, RNA, biomarkers of folate, B12, vitamin D | Maternal and child health | Immunization, prenatal screening (AFP, hCG, and estriol) |
| Behavioral | Smoking, alcohol, opioids, marijuana, cocaine, stress, and mental health | Marital status, household composition, support of partner, family, and friends; smokers in the household; and mental health and sleep/wake patterns | Witness of violence, rate of crime, smoking, alcohol, drug use, and incarceration |
| Nutritional | Dietary patterns, beverage consumption, receipt of WIC, and food stamps | Cultural food preference | Grocery stores, farmer’s market access, fast food restaurants, health statistics by zip codes, rates of obesity and diabetes |
| Environment | Exposure to ambient and indoor air pollution, fuel type, old housing, indoor pests, household pets, carpet, and molds | Family income, country of origin, immigration, ability to speak English, receipt of public assistance, WIC, employment, and access to technology | Disinvested and marginalized neighborhoods, race and ethnicity (self-reported), green space, built environment, public schools, parks, highways, transportation availability, and neighborhood crime rates |
| Health care | Prenatal and delivery care; lab tests, BMI, BP, diagnoses, medications, and services | Type of insurance, type and frequency of clinical visits, age, parity, and child with special health care needs | Type and completeness of recommended preventive care, and zip code level morbidity and mortality |
| Sources of data | Questionnaires, medical records, study visits, lab tests, and biosample/biomarkers | Questionnaires, medical records, lab tests, study visits, and biosample/biomarkers | Census data, vital statistics, police crime reports, GPS, and air monitors |
WIC, women, infant and children’s supplemental nutrition program; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; GPS, global positioning system; RNA, ribonucleic acid; BMI, body mass index; BP blood pressure.