Table 3.

Data collection and measurements in the Preterm Birth Study on mother and newborn.

Biospecimens	Measurements
Maternal venous blood	Plasma leptin, adiponectin, plasma folate and B12, plasma metabolome, Genome-wide DNA methylation, Genome-wide genotype, RBC metal levels (Pb, Hg, Cd, Mn, Se), archived DNA, RNA, and plasma samples
Cord blood	Plasma leptin, adiponectin, plasma folate and B12, inflammatory markers, plasma metabolome, Genome-wide DNA methylation, Genome-wide genotype, plasma vitamin D, archived DNA, RNA, and plasma samples
Placenta maternal surface	Gross findings, placental weight, and histopathologic findings
Maternal oral swabs	Archived swabs for future oral microbiome
Placenta fetal surface and distal section of umbilical cord	Histopathologic findings
Newborn meconium	Archived for future gut microbiome analysis
Electronic health records	Data collection
Mother (1 year prior to pregnancy and throughout pregnancy until discharge from hospital care)	Height, weight, BMI, BP, labs, blood type and Rh, number of prenatal visits, ultrasounds with biometry, prenatal care site, clinical presentation at delivery, presence of pregnancy complications (DM, GDM, HELLP, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Abruption, GHTN, CHTN, placenta previa, and incompetent cervix), mode of delivery, induction of labor, gravidity, parity, number SAB’s and TAB’s, infertility and treatment, urine cultures and dips, presence of sexually transmitted disease, fetal fibronectin, 24-hour urine protein levels, amniocentesis, preterm labor and management, chronic health conditions, length of rupture of membranes to delivery, medications, placenta pathology reports, cigarette smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use including toxicology screening, food and drug allergies, address, zip code, and date of birth
Newborn (until discharge from hospital care)	Length, head circumference, date and time of delivery, *sex assigned at birth, labs, blood type and Rh, weight, gestational age by LMP and early US and/or Dubowitz score, New Ballard Score, Apgar scores, head ultrasounds, presence of birth defects, TORCH infections, length of hospitalization, and medical complications (NEC, IVH, and PDA)
Maternal questionnaire interview	Data collection
In-person interview at bedside during hospitalization	Fagerström Test for nicotine dependence, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), epidemiology questionnaires; home environment, prenatal care site, number of prenatal visits attended and missed, food frequency questionnaire, maternal and paternal allergies and asthma history, medications and vitamin and herbal supplements, chronic health conditions, reproductive history, previous birth outcomes and pregnancy complications, age of menarche, smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use history and during pregnancy, maternal and paternal height and weight, maternal and maternal parents nativity, years living in the US, physical activity, employment, self-identified race and ethnicity, highest level of education, social support, income, and public assistance

*Sex assigned at birth is defined as a biologic construct.

BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; Cd, cadmium; CHTN, chronic hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GHTN, gestational hypertension; HELLP, Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets; Hg, hemoglobin; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; LMP, last menstrual period; Mn, manganese; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; Pb, lead; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RBC, red blood cell; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SAB, spontaneous abortion; Se, selenium; TAB, therapeutic abortion; TORCH, toxoplasmosis, others (syphilis, hepatitis B), rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex.