Table 3. Clinical risk factors associated with osteoporosis treatment initiation following index fracture.
| Females | Males | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical risk factors | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95%CI) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) |
| Age | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.69 (0.61–0.77) | 0.68 (0.60–0.77) |
| Number of comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1–2 | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.80 (0.52–1.21) | 0.74 (0.48–1.14) |
| ≥3 | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | 0.60 (0.39–0.91) | 0.53 (0.35–0.81) |
| Number of prior hospitalisations | ||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1–2 | 0.95 (0.84–1.00) | 0.92 (0.80–0.99) | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) |
| ≥3 | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.69 (0.50–0.94) | 0.39 (0.25–0.59) | 0.37 (0.24–0.57) |
| Charlson index | ||||
| ≤1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2–3 | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.76 (0.60–0.96) | 0.75 (0.59–0.94) |
| ≥4 | 0.80 (0.63–0.99) | 0.78 (0.61–0.99) | 0.36 (0.24–0.55) | 0.35 (0.23–0.53) |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 0.80 (0.60–1.06) | 0.93 (0.68–1.29) | 1.02 (0.70–1.47) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.93 (0.78–1.12) | 0.97 (0.70–1.36) | 0.96 (0.68–1.36) |
| Stroke | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | 1.02 (0.74–1.39) | 0.65 (0.43–0.98) | 0.61 (0.38–0.98) |
| Diabetes | 0.48 (0.34–0.69) | 0.49 (0.34–0.70) | 0.49 (0.26–0.91) | 0.46 (0.24–0.86) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 0.94 (0.81–1.07) | 0.91 (0.79–1.06) | 0.91 (0.67–1.22) | 0.91 (0.67–1.25) |
| Renal disease | 0.72 (0.49–1.08) | 0.67 (0.44–1.03) | 0.55 (0.31–0.96) | 0.49 (0.27–0.87) |
| Dementia | 0.44 (0.29–0.67) | 0.42 (0.27–0.65) | 0.80 (0.49–1.31) | 0.85 (0.52–1.44) |
| Cancer | 1.01 (0.89–1.16) | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 0.95 (0.75–1.19) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) |
| Peptic ulcer | 0.85 (0.74–0.99) | 0.83 (0.72–0.97) | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | 1.15 (0.85–1.56) |
| Arrhythmias | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.99 (0.75–1.30) | 0.96 (0.72–1.27) |
| Aged care residency | 0.69 (0.49–0.98) | 0.71 (0.49–1.02) | 1.47 (0.84–2.57) | 1.43 (0.80–2.58) |
| Disability | 1.09 (0.91–1.30) | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) | 1.20 (0.85–1.68) | 1.33 (0.94–1.89) |
| Smoker | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 1.09 (0.86–1.39) | 0.97 (0.54–1.75) | 1.02 (0.56–1.86) |
| Private health insurance | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 1.02 (0.90–1.14) | 1.13 (0.91–1.41) | 1.12 (0.89–1.42) |
| Married | 0.98 (0.87–1.09) | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 0.87 (0.69–1.10) | 0.86 (0.68–1.06) |