Figure 6.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) administration or soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition reduces macrophage migration and M1/M2 polarization. Raw 264.7 cells were incubated with 1 µM of t-TUCB and/or 1 µM of 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET in the absence or presence of 10 μg/mL of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β for 18 h. A: representative images of bright-field microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin-stained migrated cells. Macrophages were stained pink. Small circles are pores of the membrane filters. The graph summarizes the number of migrated macrophages. Scale bars = 200 μm. mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; B), interleukin (IL)-1β (C), arginase-1 (Arg-1; D), and IL-10 (E) were measured in the kidneys. mRNA levels were normalized by GAPDH levels. Data are presented as means ± SD; n = 4. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. One-way or two-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test was used to determine significance. Con, control; t-TUCB, 4-[[trans-4-[[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]cyclohexyl]oxy]benzoic acid; Veh, vehicle.