Fig. 1.

a–c Effects of hGIIA and LPS on secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 from human PBMCs. PBMCs were stimulated (16 h, 37 °C) with or without the indicated concentrations of hGIIA (3 µg/mL) or LPS (100 ng/mL). d–f Effects of RO032107A on PBMCs activated by hGIIA. hGIIA (3 µg/mL) was preincubated with or without RO032107A (100 nM) before addition to PBMCs. g–i Effects of polymyxin B on PBMCs activated by hGIIA and LPS. hGIIA (3 µg/mL) and LPS (100 ng/mL) were preincubated (37 °C, 30 min) with polymyxin B sulfate (50 mg/mL) before addition to cells. IL-6 (a, d, g), TNF-α (b, e, h), and CXCL8 (c, f, i) concentrations in cell medium were determined by ELISA and values were normalized relative to the amount of total proteins in each well (measured by Bradford assay on cell lysates). The data are reported as mean ± SEM of six different preparations of PBMCs from six different donors. *p < 0.05 vs. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 vs. control