(A, B, C) AM1710 blunts ddC-evoked increases in IL-1β, TNF-α and CCL2 mRNAs, morphine blunts ddC-induced increases in IL-1β, TNF-α mRNA’s (Mor; D,E,F), whereas LY2828360 fails to alter ddC-induced increases in IL-1β, TNF-α and CCL2 mRNAs (LY; G, H, I). ddC treatment (Veh ddC) induced upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α and CCL2 mRNAs compared to saline treated groups that were similarly injected with vehicle (Veh-Veh). Values were calculated using the 2(−ΔΔCt) method with GAPDH was used as reference gene and all groups compared to the Veh Veh group. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n=4 per group). * p<0.05, one-way ANOVA.