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. 2023 Jan 17;13:869. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27736-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison between participants’ behaviour in washout trials (between perturbation cycles) with the fitted equilibrium distribution (recorded before participants experienced any perturbation). The first and third rows compare the normalized histogram of the angles observed during the initial 100 trials (blue color), with the histogram of the fitted equilibrium distribution (2) over the same trials (green color). The second and the forth rows compare the same fitted equilibrium distribution (green color) with the normalized histogram of the angles observed in the $0^{\circ}$ deviation plateaus (washout trials) which separate forward and backward protocol (red color). Note the plateau in each cycle consists of 10 points, from which we only include the last 8 to avoid large aftereffects. The application of Crooks’ theorem requires that subjects fully equilibrate between protocols, that is, in our case their behavior in washout trials should return to the fitted equilibrium behavior at the start of the experiment. Compare the discussion on condition (ii) on page 11.