Table 7:

Mixed Models of the Association between Length or Height and OFC, as well as stunting and microcephaly with MSEL scores, using data from all visits at which length or height, OFC and MSEL were collected in Infants and Young Children in Guatemala 2017-2019

	N of subjects (N of visits)	Beta Estimate (SE)	p-value
Length or Height continuous z-score only *
Infants: ELC	484 (1354)	0.37 (0.13)	0.006
Older children: ELC	167 (213)	2.20 (0.66)	0.002
OFC continuous z-score only *
Infants: ELC	484 (1354)	0.37 (0.15)	0.01
Older children: ELC	167 (213)	2.63 (0.89)	0.005
Length- or Height-for-age and OFC-for-age included as separate independent variables *
Infants: ELC
Length or Height	484 (1354)	0.29 (0.15)	0.06
OFC	484 (1354)	0.25 (0.15)	0.11
Older children: ELC
Length or Height	167 (213)	1.63 (0.66)	0.02
OFC	167 (213)	2.39 (0.84)	nc
Stunting (<−2 z-score) only *
Infants: ELC	484 (1354)	−1.44 (0.43)	0.001
Older children: ELC	167 (213)	dnc	nc
Microcephaly (<−2 z-score) only **
Infants: ELC	484 (1354)	−1.29 (0.45)	0.005
Older children: ELC	167 (213)	−7.11 (2.65)	0.055
Stunting and microcephaly included as separate independent variables *
Infants: ELC
Stunting	484 (1279)	−1.18 (0.39)	0.003
Microcephaly	484 (1279)	−0.75 (0.44)	0.09
Older children: ELC
Stunting	167 (213)	−2.40 (1.66)	nc
Microcephaly	167 (213)	−6.28 (2.19)	nc
Length- or Height-for-age and OFC-for-age Z-scores combined
Infants: ELC	484 (1354)	0.24 (0.08)	0.004
Older children: ELC	167 (213)	1.97 (0.46)	<0.0001

^*intercept and stunting status included as random effects in the mixed model with the fao(3) structure

^**intercept and head circumference included as random effects in the mixed model with the fao(3) structure

nc = p-value not calculated

dnc = model did not converge