Table 5.
Printing technologies | Bioinks | Modification strategies | Crosslinking condition | Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magics EnvisionTEC (extrusion-based) | OA/Gel | Oxidization of alginate | 100 mM CaCl2; room temperature | Not mention | [342] |
Inkjet printing | Chondrocytes/GMA | Methacrylation and acetylation of gelatin | UV irradiation (Irgacure 2959) | Cartilage | [324] |
Extrusion-based | Chondrocytes/GelMA/HA | Methacrylation of gelatin | UV irradiation; 37°C | Cartilage | [343] |
Extrusion-based | ADA/Gel | Oxidization of alginate | BaCl2 | [344] | |
Bioscaffolder dispensing system (extrusion-based) | HLAMA | Methacrylation of HA | UV irradiation Irgacure 2959 | Bone | [345] |
3D FDM printer (piston-based) | Ad-MeHA/CD-MeHA | Adamantane-modified MeHA; cyclodextrin-modified MeHA | UV irradiation (5 min) Irgacure 2959 | Not mention | [284] |
Beam projector (Stereolithography-based) | Fibroblasts/PEG/GelMA | Methacrylation of gelatin | Visible light eosin Y | Not mention | [346] |
DLP | HUVECs/CSMA | Methacrylation of CS | Blue light (405 nm) LAP | Not mention | [32] |
FDM | PCL/HA | O2 plasma and NaOH treatment | – | Bone | [334] |
Stereolithography-based | Chondrocytes/GelMA/HLAMA | Methacrylation of Gel and HA | Blue light Ethyl | Cartilage | [328] |
Stereolithography-based | MSC/GelMA/PEGDA | Methacrylation of gelatin acrylated PEG | UV irradiation | Cartilage | [341] |
FDM | CFR/PEEK | Polish/sandblasting | Post-heat treatment | Bone | [335] |
FDM | CHAp/PEEK | Not mention | Not mention | Bone | [340] |
OA, oxidized alginate; GMA, methacrylated and acetylated gelatin; HLA, hyaluronic acid; ADA, alginate dialdehyde; AD, adamantane; CD, cyclodextrin; CFR, carbon fiber; CHAp, Ca10(OH)(PO4)3.