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. 2022 Nov 24;10:rbac094. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbac094

Table 5.

Representative examples of modification strategies on polymeric-based hydrogels in bone tissue engineering

Printing technologies Bioinks Modification strategies Crosslinking condition Application Ref.
Magics EnvisionTEC (extrusion-based) OA/Gel Oxidization of alginate 100 mM CaCl2; room temperature Not mention [342]
Inkjet printing Chondrocytes/GMA Methacrylation and acetylation of gelatin UV irradiation (Irgacure 2959) Cartilage [324]
Extrusion-based Chondrocytes/GelMA/HA Methacrylation of gelatin UV irradiation; 37°C Cartilage [343]
Extrusion-based ADA/Gel Oxidization of alginate BaCl2 [344]
Bioscaffolder dispensing system (extrusion-based) HLAMA Methacrylation of HA UV irradiation Irgacure 2959 Bone [345]
3D FDM printer (piston-based) Ad-MeHA/CD-MeHA Adamantane-modified MeHA; cyclodextrin-modified MeHA UV irradiation (5 min) Irgacure 2959 Not mention [284]
Beam projector (Stereolithography-based) Fibroblasts/PEG/GelMA Methacrylation of gelatin Visible light eosin Y Not mention [346]
DLP HUVECs/CSMA Methacrylation of CS Blue light (405 nm) LAP Not mention [32]
FDM PCL/HA O2 plasma and NaOH treatment Bone [334]
Stereolithography-based Chondrocytes/GelMA/HLAMA Methacrylation of Gel and HA Blue light Ethyl Cartilage [328]
Stereolithography-based MSC/GelMA/PEGDA Methacrylation of gelatin acrylated PEG UV irradiation Cartilage [341]
FDM CFR/PEEK Polish/sandblasting Post-heat treatment Bone [335]
FDM CHAp/PEEK Not mention Not mention Bone [340]

OA, oxidized alginate; GMA, methacrylated and acetylated gelatin; HLA, hyaluronic acid; ADA, alginate dialdehyde; AD, adamantane; CD, cyclodextrin; CFR, carbon fiber; CHAp, Ca10(OH)(PO4)3.