Table 3.
Biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of patients with AH
| Biomarker | Biology | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Keratin-18, 30/M65 [110] | Marker of necro-apoptosis hepatocytes | Diagnostic and prognostic |
| Lipoprotein Z [111] | Abnormal free cholesterol-enriched LDL-like particle. Hepatotoxic. | Prognostic |
| Cytolysin [112] | Product Enterococcus faecalis | Prognostic |
| Bacterial DNA [112] | Product gut bacteria | Prognostic and infection development |
| Transferrin [113] | Marker of HNf4A function | Prognostic |
| Lipopolysaccharide [114] | Product gram-negative bacteria | Prognostic and therapeutic response |
| IL-6, IL-8, IL-20 [114] | Inflammatory cytokines | Prognostic |
| Osteopontin [114] | Extracellular protein marker | Prognostic |
| miR122, miRNA155, miRNA192 [115] | Epigenetic regulators | Prognostic |
| PNPLA3 [108] | Genetic polymorphism | ALD and AH: disease progression and prognostic |
| Hepatoma development |
AH, alcohol-induced hepatitis; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HNF4A, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; IL, interleukin; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3.