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. 2022 Jul 4;29(1):33–50. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0058

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Copyright © 2023 by The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Wnt signaling in liver cancer. Dynamic activation of β-catenin and Wnt signaling-related gene mutations from risk factor exposure to final liver cancer. With the precancerous lesions induced by hepatitis virus, NAFLD, alcohol assumption, or aflatoxin-B1, genetic and epigenetic alteration (e.g., mutations in the CTNNB1 or AXIN1 genes) lead to the accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, resulting in initiating liver cancer development. Created with BioRender.com. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.