Table 1.
Baseline demographic of study subjects stratified based on the non-invasive diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension
| Variable | CSPH not fulfilled |
P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort (n=1,159) | CSPH excluded (n=140) | Grey zone (n=592) | CSPH fulfilled (n=427) | |||
| Age (years) | 55±13 | 57±14 | 57±14 | 53±12 | <0.001 | |
| Gender, male | 776 (67.0) | 89 (63.6) | 374 (63.2) | 313 (73.3) | 0.002 | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||||
| Caucasian | 357 (30.8) | 66 (47.1) | 207 (35.0) | 84 (19.7) | ||
| Chinese | 328 (28.3) | 47 (33.6) | 165 (27.9) | 116 (27.2) | ||
| Indian | 310 (26.8) | 2 (1.4) | 128 (21.6) | 180 (42.2) | ||
| Malay | 111 (9.6) | 20 (14.3) | 62 (10.5) | 29 (6.8) | ||
| Arabic | 28 (2.4) | 2 (1.4) | 18 (3.0) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| Others | 25 (2.2) | 3 (2.1) | 12 (2.0) | 10 (2.3) | ||
| Etiology | <0.001 | |||||
| Hepatitis B | 247 (21.3) | 34 (24.3) | 127 (21.5) | 86 (20.1) | ||
| Hepatitis C | 650 (56.1) | 95 (67.9) | 374 (63.2) | 181 (42.4) | ||
| Alcohol | 105 (9.1) | 1 (0.7) | 28 (4.7) | 76 (17.8) | ||
| NASH | 102 (8.8) | 4 (2.9) | 41 (6.9) | 57 (13.4) | ||
| Others | 55 (4.7) | 6 (4.3) | 22 (3.7) | 27 (6.3) | ||
| MELD score | 8±3 | 7±1 | 8±3 | 9±3 | <0.001 | |
| Child-Turcott-Pugh score | 5.2±0.6 | 5.0±0.2 | 5.1±0.4 | 5.4±0.7 | <0.001 | |
| LSM (kPa) | 23.8±12.2 | 12.3±1.3 | 17.9±3.7 | 35.7±12.4 | <0.001 | |
| Fibrosis-4 | 4.4±3.6 | 2.1±1.1 | 4.4±3.4 | 5.3±4.1 | <0.001 | |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||
| Albumin (g/L) | 40±5 | 43±4 | 41±5 | 38±6 | <0.001 | |
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 19±15 | 14±8 | 17±11 | 24±19 | <0.001 | |
| ALT (μmol/L) | 77±63 | 75±62 | 79±65 | 73±62 | 0.368 | |
| Platelets (×103/μL) | 141±66 | 205±49 | 138±64 | 125±62 | <0.001 | |
| Platelet count (×103/μL) | <0.001 | |||||
| <150 | 708 (61.1) | 0 (0.0) | 408 (68.9) | 300 (70.3) | ||
| ≥150 | 451 (38.9) | 140 (100.0) | 184 (31.1) | 127 (29.7) | ||
| INR | 1.09±0.14 | 1.03±0.08 | 1.07±0.13 | 1.14±0.14 | <0.001 | |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 68 (57–80) | 69 (58–80) | 69 (58–83) | 66 (56–80) | 0.162 | |
| Esophageal varices | ||||||
| No varices | 641 (60.7) | 88 (82.2) | 367 (69.0) | 186 (44.6) | <0.001 | |
| Low-risk varices | 357 (33.8) | 19 (17.8) | 140 (26.3) | 198 (47.5) | <0.001 | |
| High-risk varices | 58 (5.5) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (4.7) | 33 (7.9) | 0.003 | |
| Follow-up time (months) | 40 (30–52) | 44 (34–53) | 40 (31–52) | 39 (30–50) | 0.010 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or frequency (%).
CSPH, clinically significant portal hypertension; MELD, Model of End-stage Liver Disease; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; INR, international normalized ratio.