TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies and populations.
| Study | Year | Intervention | Dose | Control | Dose | Sample size | INR | Follow-up time | Mean age (y) | Male (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | Weight (kg) | DM (%) | Asian (%) | Indication for taking NOCA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADVANCE | 2009 | Apixaban | 5 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 60 mg daily | 3,184 | NA | 12 days | 65.8 | 37.9 | 31 | 86.7 | NA | 0.9 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| ADVANCE-2 | 2010 | Apixaban | 5 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 3,009 | NA | 12 days | NA | 27.5 | 29.1 | 78 | NA | 15 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| ADVANCE-3 | 2010 | Apixaban | 5 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 5,332 | NA | 35 days | 60.8 | 46.7 | 28 | 79.7 | NA | 5.7 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| AMPLIFY EXT | 2013 | Apixaban | 5 mg daily | Placebo | NA | 1,669 | NA | 12 months | 56.7 | 57.4 | NA | 85.4 | NA | 4.4 | VTE |
| Apixaban | 10 mg daily | ||||||||||||||
| AMPLIFY | 2013 | Apixaban | 10 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 5,395 | 2-3 | 6 months | 57 | 58.7 | NA | 84.6 | NA | 8.4 | VTE |
| ARISTOTLE | 2011 | Apixaban | 10 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 18,140 | 2-3 | 1.8 years | NA | 64.7 | NA | 82 | 25 | 14.5 | AF |
| AVERROES | 2011 | Apixaban | 10 mg daily | Aspirin | 81–324 mg daily | 5,599 | NA | 1.1 years | 70 | 58.5 | 28 | NA | 20 | 19.4 | AF |
| EMANATE | 2018 | Apixaban | 10 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 1,456 | 2-3 | 90 days | 64.6 | 66.8 | NA | NA | 19.6 | 10.3 | AF and cardioversion |
| AMPLIFY-J | 2015 | Apixaban | 10 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 80 | 1.5–2.5 | 23 weeks | 65.2 | 48.8 | 23.7 | 61.4 | 11.3 | 100 | VTE |
| ARISTOTLE-J | 2011 | Apixaban | 5 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 222 | 2-3 | 12 weeks | 70.3 | 62 | 24.7 | 65.8 | 23.4 | 100 | AF |
| Apixaban | 10 mg daily | ||||||||||||||
| RE-COVER | 2009 | Dabigatran etexilate | 300 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 2,539 | 2-3 | 163 days | NA | 58.4 | 28.6 | 84.9 | NA | 2.6 | VTE |
| RE-COVER II | 2014 | Dabigatran etexilate | 300 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 2,568 | 2-3 | 164 days | NA | 60.6 | 28.4 | 83 | NA | 21 | VTE |
| RE-MEDY | 2013 | Dabigatran etexilate | 300 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 2,856 | 2-3 | 473 days | 54.7 | 60.9 | NA | 86 | 9 | 8 | VTE |
| RE-SONATE | 2013 | Dabigatran etexilate | 300 mg daily | Placebo | NA | 1,343 | NA | 164 days | 55.8 | 55.5 | NA | 83.8 | 8 | 8.9 | VTE |
| RELY | 2009 | Dabigatran etexilate | 220 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 12,098 | 2-3 | 2 years | 71.5 | 63.6 | NA | 82.7 | 23.3 | 15.9 | AF |
| Dabigatran etexilate | 300 mg daily | ||||||||||||||
| RE-CIRCUIT | 2017 | Dabigatran etexilate | 300 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 635 | 2-3 | 9 weeks | 59.2 | 74.8 | 28.6 | NA | 10.1 | NA | AF and ablation |
| RE-SPECT ESUS | 2019 | Dabigatran etexilate | 300 mg daily | Aspirin | 100 mg daily | 5,390 | NA | 19 months | 64.2 | 63.2 | 27.2 | NA | 22.7 | 22.8 | ESUS |
| Chung, et al | 2011 | Edoxaban | 30 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 154 | 2-3 | 3 months | 65.1 | 65.4 | NA | 70 | 29.5 | 100 | AF |
| Edoxaban | 60 mg daily | ||||||||||||||
| ENGAGE-AF-TIMI 48 | 2013 | Edoxaban | 30 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 21,026 | 2-3 | 2.8years | NA | 61.9 | NA | NA | 36.1 | 13.8 | AF |
| Edoxaban | 60 mg daily | ||||||||||||||
| Fuji, et al | 2014 | Edoxaban | 30 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 88 | NA | 12 days | 76.1 | 20.5 | NA | 53.7 | NA | 100 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| Hakusai-VTE | 2013 | Edoxaban | 60 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 8,240 | 2-3 | 250 days | 55.8 | 57.2 | NA | NA | NA | 21 | VTE |
| STARS E-3 | 2014 | Edoxaban | 30 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 703 | NA | 13 days | 72.3 | 20.2 | NA | 60.2 | NA | 100 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| STARS J-V | 2015 | Edoxaban | 30 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 604 | NA | 13 days | 62.8 | 14.1 | 24.3 | 57.3 | NA | 100 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| ENVISAGE-TAVI AF | 2021 | Edoxaban | 60 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 1,426 | 2-3 | 554 days | 82.1 | 52.5 | 27.7 | 75.3 | 36.9 | 12.7 | TAVI |
| ENSURE-AF | 2016 | Edoxaban | 60 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 2,149 | 2-3 | 58 days | 64.2 | 65 | 30.6 | 91 | 19 | 0 | AF and cardioversion |
| COMPASS | 2017 | Rivaroxaban | 10 mg daily | Aspirin | 100 mg daily | 18,243 | NA | 23 months | 68.2 | 22 | 28.3 | NA | 37.8 | 15.4 | CAD/PAD |
| EINSTEIN | 2010 | Rivaroxaban | 20 mg daily | Placebo | NA | 1,188 | NA | 264 days | 58.3 | 56.8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | VTE |
| J-ROCKET AF | 2012 | Rivaroxaban | 15 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 1,278 | 2-3 | 30 months | 71.1 | 80.6 | NA | NA | 38 | 100 | AF |
| RECORD1 | 2008 | Rivaroxaban | 10 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 4,433 | NA | 35 days | 63.2 | 44.5 | 27.8 | 78.2 | NA | 0.1 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| RECORD2 | 2008 | Rivaroxaban | 10 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 2,457 | NA | 35 days | 61.5 | 46.4 | 27 | 74.7 | NA | 20 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| RECORD4 | 2009 | Rivaroxaban | 10 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 60 mg daily | 3,034 | NA | 12 days | NA | 34.9 | 30.8 | 84.5 | NA | 19 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| ROCKET AF | 2011 | Rivaroxaban | 20 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 14,236 | 2-3 | 590 days | NA | 60.3 | 28.2 | NA | 40 | 7.4 | AF |
| NAVIGATE ESUS | 2018 | Rivaroxaban | 15 mg daily | Aspirin | 100 mg daily | 7,213 | NA | 11 months | 66.9 | 61 | 27.2 | NA | 25 | 19 | ESUS |
| ODIXa-HIP | 2006 | Rivaroxaban | 10 mg daily | Enoxaparin | 40 mg daily | 401 | NA | 60 days | NA | 43.1 | 27 | 78 | NA | 0 | Thromboprophylaxis |
| Rivaroxaban | 20 mg daily | ||||||||||||||
| X-VeRT | 2014 | Rivaroxaban | 20 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 1,487 | 2-3 | 30 days | 64.8 | 72.8 | 30.14 | NA | 20.4 | 5.3 | AF and cardioversion |
| J-EINSTEIN | 2015 | Rivaroxaban | 15 mg daily | Warfarin | NA | 59 | 1.5–2.5 | 12 months | 65.7 | 52.6 | NA | NA | NA | 100 | VTE |
| ERIKA | 2016 | Rivaroxaban | 10 mg daily | Placebo | NA | 234 | NA | 3 months | 45.4 | 67.2 | 27.9 | NA | 1.6 | 100 | Thromboprophylaxis |
VTE, venous thromboembolism; AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; CT, conventional therapy; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation; ESUS, embolic stroke of undetermined source.