Table 5.
IFA for antibody detection validated by clinical samples.
| Virus | Antigen based | Biomarker (Subclass of immunoglobulin) | Sensitivity (No.positive/no. tested(%)) | Specificity(No.negative/no. tested (%)) | Comment | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells | IgG IgM | (222/252)99.1 | (215/217)87.8 | (Wu et al., 2004a) | |
| SARS-CoV | RecN | IgG | (45/46)97.8 | 100 | (Zhu et al., 2005) | |
| SARS-CoV | RecS (aa 441-700) | (21/21)100 | (142/142)100 | (Manopo et al., 2005) | ||
| SARS-CoV | N195-Sc fusion protein | IgG IgM | IgG:(22/23)95.6 IgM: lower | IgG:(64/64)100 IgM: 100 | N195(aa 228-423); Sc: (aa 441-700) | (He et al., 2005b) |
| SARS-CoV | Rec S | IgG | CP: 74/74(100); AP(2 to 9 daos): 0/74(0) |
100/100(100) | (Tan et al., 2004) | |
| HCoV-HKU1 | Rec S | IgG | (53/100)53 | (Zhou et al., 2010) | ||
| SARS-CoV-2 | Rec S | IgG | 165/181(91.2) | 320/326(98.2) | (Meyer et al., 2020) |
Rec, recombinant; N, nucleocapsid protein; S, spike protein; Ref, reference; daos, days after onset of symptoms; aa, amino acid position; -,not determined; AP, acute phase; CP, convalescent phase.