Table 3.
Repeated measures ANOVA on major study variables of two groups
| Variables | Experimental group (n = 43) | Control group (n = 43) | LS mean (95% CI) | t | P | Time*Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | Interaction P | |||||
| 1st Post-test | 6.02 ± 2.10 | 7.01 ± 2.22 | 1.04 (0.76–1.32)# | 0.798 | 0.030## | < 0.001* |
| 2nd Post-test | 4.40 ± 1.38 | 5.87 ± 1.50 | 1.30 (0.87–1.42)# | 5.021 | < 0.001## | |
| 3rd Post-test | 2.03 ± 1.26 | 3.85 ± 1.24 | 1.72 (1.14–2.09)# | 7.854 | < 0.001## | |
| F* | 146.36 | 88.43 | ||||
| P | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | ||||
| Anxiety | Interaction P | |||||
| 1st Post-test | 52.10 ± 5.50 | 54.79 ± 6.72 | 2.98 (1.68–3.65)# | 3.132 | 0.002## | < 0.001* |
| 2nd Post-test | 42.73 ± 4.92 | 46.62 ± 6.51 | 4.80 (3.96–5.37)# | 4.138 | < 0.001## | |
| 3rd Post-test | 35.53 ± 5.08 | 41.43 ± 5.49 | 7.21 (5.92–9.10)# | 6.214 | < 0.001## | |
| F* | 117.44 | 49.38 | ||||
| P | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | ||||
| SBP | Interaction P | |||||
| 1st Post-test | 125.31 ± 12.28 | 132.02 ± 14.67 | 8.76 (5.88–9.58)# | 3.300 | 0.001## | < 0.001* |
| 2nd Post-test | 120.63 ± 10.18 | 128.68 ± 12.33 | 9.80 (6.67–11.74)# | 4.235 | < 0.001## | |
| 3rd Post-test | 114.29 ± 7.67 | 125.02 ± 8.45 | 10.51 (8.68–13.25)# | 6.665 | < 0.001## | |
| F* | 26.10 | 1.245 | ||||
| P | < 0.001* | 0.233 | ||||
| DBP | Interaction P | |||||
| 1st Post-test | 81.55 ± 7.99 | 82.77 ± 7.83 | 1.51 (0.99–2.15)# | 0.720 | 0.475## | 0.242 |
| 2nd Post-test | 75.86 ± 6.68 | 77.30 ± 6.60 | 2.00 (0.99–2.92)# | 1.103 | 0.310## | |
| 3rd Post-test | 71.61 ± 7.51 | 73.91 ± 6.70 | 2.22 (1.31–2.54)# | 1.519 | 0.137## | |
| F* | 1.510 | 1.427 | ||||
| P | 0.198 | 0.203 | ||||
| HR | Interaction P | |||||
| 1st Post-test | 83.61 ± 10.71 | 88.62 ± 10.86 | 8.99 (5.95–11.08)# | 2.670 | 0.010## | < 0.001* |
| 2nd Post-test | 80.63 ± 9.22 | 86.57 ± 8.89 | 8.80 (6.87–12.34)# | 3.301 | 0.001## | |
| 3rd Post-test | 76.92 ± 9.31 | 82.21 ± 8.92 | 8.95 (6.84–12.67)# | 3.153 | 0.007## | |
| F* | 55.57 | 47.65 | ||||
| P | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | ||||
| RR | Interaction P | |||||
| 1st Post-test | 19.49 ± 2.99 | 20.21 ± 3.22 | 2.30 (1.25–3.04)# | 1.375 | 0.279## | < 0.001* |
| 2nd Post-test | 17.51 ± 3.18 | 19.19 ± 2.43 | 2.60 (1.58–3.37)# | 2.853 | 0.005## | |
| 3rd Post-test | 17.03 ± 2.53 | 18.62 ± 2.15 | 2.44 (1.55–3.44)# | 4.220 | < 0.001## | |
| F* | 66.66 | 58.85 | ||||
| P | < 0.001* | < 0.001* |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range), categorical variables are presented as number (%)
F*, Greenhouse–Geisser correction (Failure to pass the Mauchly’s test of sphericity)
LS mean, Least mean difference
REANOVA repeated measured analysis of variance, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, RR respiratory rate
##Analysis of covariance (take baseline value as covariate)
Time = pretest versus posttest; Time*Group = Interaction