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. 2023 Jan 4;9:1066851. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1066851

Table 6.

Whole blood trace element and toxic metal concentrations in epileptic and healthy dogs.

Blood element
(ng/g)
Reference values from literature
Epileptic (n = 19)
Mean ±SD (min–max)
Healthy (n = 19)
Mean ±SD (min–max)
P
Cu
483.79 ± 59.04 (349.70–614.20)a
511.95 ± 40.44 (449–601) 463.20 ± 55.17 (380–565) 0.007**
Zn
3685.56 ± 542.69 (2850–5630)a
3780.53 ± 341.10 (3120–4360) 4158.42 ± 1380.98 (2990–8420) 0.86
Cu/Zn ratio 0.14 ± 0.02 (0.10–0.16) 0.12 ± 0.03 (0.06–0.16) 0.04*
Se
388.14 ± 40.95 (310.10–476.60)a
488.53 ± 47.69 (358–569) 393.90 ± 51.89 (278–458) <0.001***
Cr
3.67 ± 6.07 (1.06–24.83)a
1.23 ± 0.73 (1.06–4.25) 5.16 ± 7.25 (1.06–23.49) 0.01*
Mn
30.84 ± 9.78 (14.50–59.50)a
34.64 ± 11.75 (18.90–60.50) 36.19 ± 9.62 (21.24–59.53) 0.51
Fe
605382.98 ± 62129.09 (486000–742000)a
625368.42 ± 55588.98 (510000–780000) 599526.32 ± 62726.36 (508000–713000) 0.12
As
1.15 ± 1.09 (0.04–4.30)a
2.65 ± 4.09 (0.50–18.10) 1.33 ± 1.20 (0.12–4.27) 0.30
Cd
0.03 ± 0.01 (0.01–0.06)a
0.02 ± 0.02 (0.01–0.09) 0.03 ± 0.03 (0.01–0.13) 0.10
Hg
0.53 ± 0.35 (0.12–1.61)a
0.94 ± 1.58 (0.11–7.29) 0.46 ± 0.33 (0.12–1.14) 0.18
Pb
3.50 ± 2.72 (0.28–12.37)a
2.17 ± 1.80 (0.32–6.51) 2.88 ± 2.07 (0.28–8.04) 0.22

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level, **at the 0.01 level and, ***at the 0.001 level (all 2-tailed). aRosendahl et al. (25), mean± SD (min-max).