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. 2023 Jan 4;13:1020822. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020822

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Xie, Zhou, Li, Ning, Su, Ye, Ai, Lai, Pan, Liu, Liao, Su, Li, Liang, Cui and Huang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Correlation of the differential metabolites with immune activation and microbial translocation. The positive Spearman rank correlation coefficients are denoted by red squares, and negative correlation coefficients by blue squares. The metabolites, exhibited higher levels in HIV-positive individuals, were positively correlated with microbial translocation and immune activation (A). In contrast, metabolites, exhibited lower levels in HIV-positive individuals, were negatively correlated with immune activation and microbial translocation (B). *: 0.010 ≤ P < 0.050; **: 0.001 ≤ P < 0.010; ***: P < 0.001.