Table 3.
Effect of Infection on Probability of Receiving Each Diagnosis 30–365 Days Postinfection
| COVID vs VRI | COVID vs No Infection | VRI vs No Infection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1.71 (1.2–2.44) | .0028 | 1.0 (0.69–1.46) | .998 | 0.48 (0.32–0.73) | .0004 |
| ARDS | 1.63 (0.45–5.84) | .453 | 0.67 (0.09–4.7) | .684 | 0.53 (0.07–3.96) | .538 |
| Palpitations | 1.42 (1.27–1.6) | <.0001 | 1.32 (1.17–1.49) | <.0001 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | .467 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 1.36 (1.07–1.74) | .0129 | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) | .173 | 0.64 (0.49–0.83) | .0009 |
| Hair loss | 1.35 (1.08–1.67) | .0071 | 1.32 (1.05–1.67) | .0197 | 1.03 (0.8–1.31) | .831 |
| Hypoxemia | 1.3 (1.13–1.51) | .0003 | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | .698 | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) | .0001 |
| Tachycardia | 1.28 (1.15–1.42) | <.0001 | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) | .561 | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) | .0003 |
| Other respiratory failure | 1.27 (1.12–1.44) | .0002 | 0.81 (0.71–0.92) | .0016 | 0.61 (0.53–0.71) | <.0001 |
| Dependence on respirator or oxygen | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) | .014 | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | .545 | 0.72 (0.59–0.89) | .0026 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.2 (0.95–1.52) | .129 | 1.01 (0.79–1.3) | .915 | 0.82 (0.64–1.06) | .131 |
| Dyspnea | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) | <.0001 | 1.09 (1.01–1.16) | .0206 | 0.93 (0.86–1.0) | .0442 |
| Weakness | 1.19 (1.09–1.31) | .0002 | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | .638 | 0.86 (0.78–0.96) | .0044 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 1.19 (1.08–1.32) | .0005 | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | .107 | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | .242 |
| Tinnitus | 1.18 (0.93–1.51) | .181 | 1.01 (0.78–1.3) | .933 | 0.95 (0.74–1.23) | .718 |
| Obesity | 1.17 (1.1–1.25) | <.0001 | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | .0277 | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | .0206 |
| Pneumonia | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) | .006 | 0.99 (0.89–1.11) | .906 | 0.84 (0.75–0.95) | .0051 |
| Unspecified anemia | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | .0009 | 0.92 (0.85–1.0) | .0525 | 0.81 (0.74–0.89) | <.0001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 1.14 (1.0–1.31) | .0488 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | .455 | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | .038 |
| Heart failure | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | .0342 | 0.87 (0.77–1.0) | .0427 | 0.77 (0.67–0.88) | .0001 |
| Cognitive impairment | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | .0124 | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | .588 | 0.9 (0.81–1.0) | .0502 |
| Joint pain | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | <.0001 | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | .0103 | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | .217 |
| Hypertension | 1.1 (1.03–1.17) | .0057 | 1.07 (1.0–1.15) | .0553 | 0.97 (0.91–1.05) | .479 |
| Chest pain | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | .0142 | 1.1 (1.02–1.18) | .0113 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | .609 |
| Alcohol use or abuse | 1.09 (0.91–1.3) | .359 | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | .232 | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | .15 |
| Fatigue | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | .0117 | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) | .0007 | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | .473 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.07 (1.0–1.14) | .0381 | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | .0846 | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | .726 |
| General pain | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | .0901 | 0.92 (0.85–1.0) | .0376 | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) | .0007 |
| Asthma | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | .299 | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) | .155 | 0.9 (0.81–0.98) | .0223 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.04 (0.9–1.2) | .587 | 0.9 (0.77–1.04) | .158 | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | .0264 |
| CKD | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | .56 | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | .0191 | 0.82 (0.72–0.93) | .0018 |
| Ischemic stroke | 1.02 (0.87–1.2) | .764 | 0.9 (0.76–1.06) | .213 | 0.87 (0.74–1.03) | .105 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 1.02 (0.87–1.2) | .783 | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | .0363 | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | .0192 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 1.02 (0.54–1.93) | .954 | 1.93 (0.86–4.35) | .113 | 2.16 (1.0–4.63) | .0491 |
| COPD | 1.01 (0.9–1.15) | .816 | 0.71 (0.62–0.82) | <.0001 | 0.7 (0.62–0.8) | <.0001 |
| Myalgia | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | .91 | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | .397 | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | .709 |
| Anxiety/depression | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | .554 | 0.94 (0.89–1.0) | .0521 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | .0822 |
| Septic shock | 0.98 (0.73–1.29) | .861 | 0.94 (0.69–1.27) | .678 | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) | .38 |
| Headache | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | .408 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | .495 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | .66 |
| Insomnia | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | .498 | 1.0 (0.9–1.11) | .986 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | .927 |
| Diarrhea | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | .236 | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | .177 | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | .545 |
| Unstable angina | 0.89 (0.51–1.55) | .676 | 0.67 (0.35–1.26) | .21 | 1.23 (0.7–2.15) | .47 |
| Cough | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) | <.0001 | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | .0056 | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | .0199 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 0.87 (0.39–1.93) | .731 | 1.32 (0.47–3.67) | .6 | 1.66 (0.62–4.43) | .311 |
| Anosmia | 0.85 (0.58–1.24) | .405 | 1.67 (1.05–2.64) | .0287 | 1.62 (1.03–2.55) | .0358 |
| Lupus | 0.84 (0.54–1.29) | .417 | 1.2 (0.75–1.91) | .455 | 1.37 (0.86–2.18) | .186 |
| Nicotine dependence/tobacco use | 0.83 (0.76–0.91) | .0001 | 0.77 (0.7–0.85) | <.0001 | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) | .151 |
| Fever | 0.8 (0.73–0.88) | <.0001 | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | .188 | 1.25 (1.12–1.38) | <.0001 |
P values were calculated using a 2-tailed chi-square test.
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID, coronavirus disease; VRI, viral respiratory infection.