Skip to main content
. 2023 Jan 4;13:1093562. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1093562

Table 2.

The relationship between attending a dual career sport program/school and athletic characteristics as well as post career educational and employment outcomes.

Athletic characteristics and post career outcomes DCS-IL DCS-NL MSS Total Χ2/value of p Cramer’s V
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Gender 1.81/0.405 0.083
Men 52 (34) 18 (12) 81 (54) 151 (100)
Women 30 (27) 16 (14) 66 (59) 112 (100)
Type of sport 13.69/0.001 0.228
Team 18 (18) 18 (18) 63 (64) 99 (100)
Individual 64 (39) 16 (10) 84 (51) 164 (100)
Sporting success 1.43/0.839 0.052
World class elite 42 (31) 20 (15) 72 (54) 134 (100)
Successful elite 27 (32) 8 (10) 48 (58) 83 (100)
Competitive elite 13 (29) 6 (13) 26 (58) 45 (100)
Highest level of education 1.89/0.389 0.090
University 36 (30) 21 (14) 79 (56) 136 (100)
Upper secondary school 33 (35) 12 (13) 50 (53) 95 (100)
Limited opportunities for higher education 9.21/0.056 0.134
Yes 17 (40) 4 (9) 22 (51) 43 (100)
Partly 33 (33) 18 (18) 48 (49) 99 (100)
No 29 (25) 11 (10) 76 (65) 116 (100)
Employment 4.84/0.304 0.097
Employed 45 (29) 19 (12) 91 (59) 155 (100)
Own company 30 (34) 11 (12) 48 (54) 89 (100)
Off duty/student 5 (46) 3 (27) 3 (27) 11 (100)
Economic situation 1.03/0.596 0.075
Better 41 (30) 18 (13) 77 (57) 136 (100)
Worse 19 (38) 6 (12) 25 (50) 50 (100)
Total 82 (31) 34 (13) 147 (56) 263 (100)

DCS-IL = dual career support international level; DCS-NL = dual career support national level; MSS = mainstream secondary. Due to internal missing data, different numbers of participants may vary within each category. Cramer’s V: 0.10—weak association, 0.30—moderate, 0.50—strong association.