Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants classified based on profiles of mild behavioral impairment domain symptoms.
| Asymptomatic (1) | Affective dysregulation (2) | Complex (3) | p-valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 groups | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | ||||
| numbers | 561 | 348 | 275 | ||||
| Age, years | 73.3 ± 5.5 (60–85) | 73.0 ± 5.8 (60–85) | 74.3 ± 5.8 (60–85) | 0.022 | 0.713 | 0.071 | 0.021 |
| Female:Male | 313: 248 | 249: 99 | 169:106 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.120 | 0.008 |
| Education, years | 8.7 ± 4.5 (0–23) | 8.1 ± 4.2 (0–18) | 8.2 ± 4.9 (0–20) | 0.092 | 0.134 | 0.221 | 0.994 |
| MMSE | 22.9 ± 3.2 (10–30) | 22.7 ± 3.6 (9–30) | 22.6 ± 3.6 (12–30) | 0.541 | 0.622 | 0.645 | 1.00 |
| SGDS | 4.5 ± 2.6 (0–15) | 7.8 ± 3.0 (0–15) | 7.3 ± 4.1 (0–15) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.114 |
| Family history of dementia | 60 (10.7) | 40 (11.5) | 41 (14.9) | 0.201 | 0.708 | 0.079 | 0.129 |
| Follow-up, years | 3.1 ± 1.9 (0.9–9.2) | 3.3 ± 2.1 (0.9–9.4) | 2.8 ± 1.9 (0.9–9.3) | 0.012 | 0.467 | 0.081 | 0.009 |
| Progression to AD | 98 (17.5) | 77 (22.1) | 109 (39.6) | < 0.001 | 0.083 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Variables are presented mean ± standard deviation (range) or frequency (%). aone-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test for continuous variables and χ2 test for nominal variables. MMSE, mini-mental state examination; SGDS, short form of geriatric depression scale; AD, Alzheimer’s disease.