Table 2.
Experimental evidence of acetylcholine receptor subtypes expressed in PC12 cells.
| Acetylcholine receptors subtypes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nAChR subtypes | mAChR subtypes | ||||||||||
| Receptor subunit | Function | Combination form with other subunits | Distribution location | Function | References | Receptor subunit | Function | Combination form with other subunits | Function | Distribution location | Reference |
| α3 nAChR | β4 subunits, β2 subunits | in the adrenal medulla | α3β4 nAChR: Promote the release of catecholamines stimulated by ACh | Boulter et al., 1986, 1990; Rogers et al., 1992; Henderson et al., 1994; Nery et al., 2010; Albillos and Mcintosh, 2018; Criado, 2018 | M1 mAChR | Participate in the memory process of the interaction between the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and consolidate memory | In the Hippocampus, cortex | Boss et al., 1996; Berkeley and Levey, 2000; Volpato and Holzgrabe, 2018 | |||
| α5 nAChR | 1. not participate in the binding site and is considered an “accessory subunit | α3 and β4 subunits | in the adrenal medulla | Boulter et al., 1990; Rogers et al., 1992; Kuryatov et al., 2008; Nery et al., 2010 | M2 mAChR | 1. Regulates choline energy nerve pressure and affects nerve circuit function 2. Inhibits neuron excitability, and negative feedback regulates the release of neurotransmitter |
In the Pontine-medulla oblongata | Levey et al., 1995; Boss et al., 1996; Mao et al., 2017 | |||
| α7 nAChR | 1. contribute to memory function 2. contribute to synaptic plasticit 3. facilitate neurotransmitter release and dendritic plasticity 4. Activates calcium cation-dependent signaling pathways in cells 5. contributes to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory axis |
β2 and β4 subunits | In the hippocampus of the brain area related to memory and cognition | α7β4 nAChR: form a functional heteromeric receptor α7β2 nAChR: causes a significant decrease in agonist-evoked whole-cell current amplitudes |
Henderson et al., 1994; Takahashi et al., 1999; Drisdel and Green, 2000; Nery et al., 2010 Wang et al., 2003; Boccia et al., 2010; Parri et al., 2011; Criado et al., 2012; Hernandez and Dineley, 2012; Murray et al., 2012; King et al., 2015, 2018 | M3 mAChR | Fear conditioning learning and memory deficits | In the entire central system | Boss et al., 1996; Poulin et al., 2010 | ||
| β2 nAChR | Participate in the survival of neurons in the brain and the maintenance of cognitive function in aging. | α2,α3,α4, α6 and α7 subunits | In brain | α4β2 nAChR: involved in memory formation and locomotor activity; α7β2 nAChR:form functional receptor | Deneris et al., 1989; Boulter et al., 1990; Rogers et al., 1992; Levin et al., 2002; Nery et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012; Soll et al., 2013; Moretti et al., 2014 | M4 mAChR | Inhibits neuron excitability, and negative feedback regulates the release of neurotransmitter | In the Striatum | Berkeley and Levey, 2000; Wu and Wong, 2006; Mao et al., 2017 | ||
| β4 nAChR | α3 subunits | α3β4 nAChR: Promote the release of catecholamines stimulated by ACh | Boulter et al., 1990; Rogers et al., 1992; Henderson et al., 1994; Nery et al., 2010; Albillos and Mcintosh, 2018; Criado, 2018 | M5 mAChR | In the entire central system | Berkeley and Levey, 2000 | |||||
The acetylcholine receptor subtypes could be expressed by PC12 cells. The table is divided into two parts, including nicotinic receptor and muscarinic receptor subunits. Among nicotinic receptors, the PC12 cells mainly express α3nAChR, α5nAChR, α7nAChR, β2nAChR, β4nAChR. For muscarinic receptors, muscarinic receptor subunits are expressed in PC12 cells. These subunit receptors could be combined with other subunits.