Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 19 prospective cohorts that participated in analysis of association of n-3 PUFA biomarkers with incident chronic kidney disease (as part of FORCE Consortium)
| Study | Country | Study design | Sample size (n) | Median follow-up (years) | Age, years (mean±SD) | Sex (% female) | BMI (mean±SD) | Biomarker measurement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid compartment | Year of sampling | ||||||||
| AOC | Netherlands | Cohort of patients with myocardial infarction | 2026 | 3.4 | 68.9±5.4 | 20.6 | 27.7±3.6 | Cholesterol esters | 2002-2006 |
| ARIC | USA | Population based cohort of middle aged adults | 3526 | 25.8 | 53.9±5.6 | 47.7 | 27.0±4.6 | Plasma phospholipids | 1987-1989 |
| CCCC | Taiwan | Population based cohort | 1074 | 1.0 | 56.8±9.7 | 42.1 | 23.9±3.2 | Total serum | 1990-1991 |
| CHS | USA | Population based cohort of older adults | 1608 | 5.6 | 73.3±4.2 | 63.0 | 26.7±4.5 | Plasma phospholipids | 1992-1993 |
| EPIC-Norfolk | United Kingdom | Population based cohort | 926 | 13.8 | 59.2±7.5 | 50.2 | 26.0±3.5 | Plasma phospholipids | 1993–1997 |
| EPIC-Potsdam | Germany | Population based cohort | 253 | 19.6 | 49.0±7.9 | 56.1 | 25.3±3.4 | Erythrocyte phospholipids | 2008 |
| FDPS | Finland | Randomised trial cohort of patients with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline | 355 | 4.0 | 55.1±7.2 | 67.5 | 31.0±4.7 | Total serum | 1993-1998 |
| FHS | USA | Population based cohort | 1895 | 5.8 | 54.1±8.1 | 50.3 | 28.3±5.4 | Erythrocyte phospholipids | 2008 |
| Hisayama | Japan | Population based cohort | 2713 | 10.0 | 60.2±11.4 | 58.4 | 23.2±3.4 | Total serum | 2002-2003 |
| InCHIANTI | Italy | Population based cohort | 830 | 9.1 | 64.7±15.3 | 52.2 | 27.1±0.3 | Total plasma | 1998-2000 |
| KIHD | Finland | Population based cohort of men | 1082 | 20.0 | 52.0±5.2 | 0.0 | 26.7±3.2 | Total serum | 1991 |
| MAS | Australia | Population based cohort of older adults without dementia at baseline | 395 | 6.0 | 77.0±4.3 | 51.9 | 27.1±4.2 | Total plasma | 2005-2006 |
| MESA | USA | Population based cohort | 1682 | 9.5 | 58.7±9.1 | 53.3 | 27.8±5.4 | Plasma phospholipids | 2000-2002 |
| METSIM | Finland | Population based cohort of men | 1152 | 4.8 | 55.0±5.6 | 0.0 | 26.3±3.4 | Erythrocyte phospholipids, plasma phospholipids, cholesterol esters | 2006-2010 |
| NHAPC | China | Population based cohort | 2046 | 6.0 | 58.0±5.9 | 57.6 | 24.5±3.6 | Erythrocyte phospholipids | 2005 |
| PIVUS | Sweden | Population based cohort of older adults | 893 | 9.9 | 70.2±0.2 | 47.6 | 26.9±4.1 | Plasma phospholipids | 2001 |
| ULSAM | Sweden | Population based cohort of men | 1055 | 21.3 | 49.6±0.6 | 0.0 | 25.0±4.4 | Cholesterol esters | 1970-1973 |
| WHIMS | USA | Randomised trial cohort of older postmenopausal women | 1686 | 15.3 | 69.2±3.4 | 100.0 | 28.3±5.5 | Erythrocyte phospholipids | 1995 |
| 3C | France | Population based cohort | 373 | 4.2 | 76.1±4.6 | 62.7 | 26.1±4.0 | Erythrocyte phospholipids, total plasma* | 1999-2001 |
AOC=Alpha Omega Cohort; ARIC=Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; BMI=body mass index; CCCC=Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort Study; CHS=Cardiovascular Health Study; EPIC-Norfolk=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (Norfolk); EPIC-Potsdam=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (Potsdam); FDPS=Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study; FHS=Framingham Heart Study; FORCE=Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium; InCHIANTI=Invecchiare in Chianti Study; KIHD=Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study; MAS=Memory and Ageing Study; MESA=Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; METSIM=Metabolic Syndrome in Men; n-3 PUFA=omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; NHAPC=Nutrition and Health of Ageing Populations in China; PIVUS=Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors; SD=standard deviation; ULSAM=Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men; WHIMS=Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study; 3C=Three City Study.
Data shown are for 373 participants with n-3 PUFA measurement in erythrocyte phospholipids, which were used in overall pooled analysis. Total plasma n-3 PUFA biomarkers were also measured in larger sample of 1019 participants.