Table 4.
Association of seafood n-3 PUFA biomarkers with secondary outcome of annual change in eGFR
| n-3 PUFA biomarker (No of studies; total participants)* | Model† | Per interquintile range | Highest fifth v lowest fifth | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean difference (95% CI) | I2 (%) | Mean difference (95% CI) | I2 (%) | |||
| EPA (19; 28 804) | 1 | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 26.6 | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09) | 37.2 | |
| 2 | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 28.3 | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09) | 37.0 | ||
| DPA (16; 25 102) | 1 | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 46.4 | 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.09) | 7.8 | |
| 2 | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06) | 38.8 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08) | 2.6 | ||
| DHA (19; 28 837) | 1 | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.09) | 36.6 | 0.08 (0.02 to 0.13) | 32.9 | |
| 2 | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.08) | 33.0 | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.12) | 27.9 | ||
| EPA+DPA+DHA‡ (19; 28 798) | 1 | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.08) | 32.0 | 0.07 (0.02 to 0.13) | 42.2 | |
| 2 | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.07) | 29.8 | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.12) | 36.2 | ||
| ALA (19; 28 826) | 1 | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00) | 24.1 | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0.01) | 15.1 | |
| 2 | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.01) | 20.3 | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0.01) | 3.4 | ||
Data shown are adjusted mean difference (95% CI) in the change of eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) per year. Effect estimates were pooled using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis.
ALA=α linolenic acid; DHA=docosahexaenoic acid; DPA=docosapentaenoic acid; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; EPA=eicosapentaenoic acid; n-3 PUFA=omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
The small difference in number of participants with data on annual change in eGFR was due to missing measurement for specific n-3 PUFAs in some cohorts.
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, clinical centre or field site, education, occupation, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, prevalent coronary heart disease, and use of lipid lowering drugs, when applicable. Model 2 adjusted for all covariates in model 1 and also adjusted for prevalent diabetes mellitus, urine albumin-creatinine ratio, systolic blood pressure, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and use of other antihypertensive drugs.
DPA was not available in three of the cohorts (CCCC—Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort, InCHIANTI—Invecchiare in Chianti Study, and ULSAM—Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men), therefore the sum in these cohorts was calculated as EPA+DHA.