Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, and correlations among study variables.
| Variables | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. T1 SS | 37.44 ± 6.27 | — | ||||||||||||
| 2. T1 FF | 19.82 ± 3.94 | 0.42⁎⁎⁎ | — | |||||||||||
| 3. T1 SA | 19.80 ± 4.61 | −0.06 | −0.01 | — | ||||||||||
| 4. T1 DS | 6.94 ± 5.99 | −0.15⁎⁎⁎ | −0.22⁎⁎⁎ | 0.41⁎⁎⁎ | — | |||||||||
| 5. T1 RP | 35.75 ± 6.11 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.22⁎⁎⁎ | 0.26⁎⁎⁎ | — | ||||||||
| 6. T2 DS | 6.79 ± 5.49 | −0.23⁎⁎⁎ | −0.27⁎⁎⁎ | 0.34⁎⁎⁎ | 0.59⁎⁎⁎ | 0.17⁎⁎⁎ | — | |||||||
| 7. T2 RP | 32.27 ± 5.58 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.20⁎⁎⁎ | 0.17⁎⁎⁎ | 0.54⁎⁎⁎ | 0.21⁎⁎⁎ | — | ||||||
| 8. T3 DS | 4.66 ± 4.84 | −0.16⁎⁎ | −0.20⁎⁎⁎ | 0.24⁎⁎⁎ | 0.47⁎⁎⁎ | 0.04 | 0.51⁎⁎⁎ | 0.12⁎⁎ | — | |||||
| 9. T3 RP | 30.33 ± 6.94 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.12⁎⁎ | 0.34⁎⁎⁎ | 0.13⁎⁎ | 0.50⁎⁎⁎ | 0.14⁎⁎ | — | ||||
| 10. T4 DS | 4.97 ± 5.08 | −0.14⁎⁎ | −0.18⁎⁎⁎ | 0.21⁎⁎⁎ | 0.47⁎⁎⁎ | 0.12* | 0.45⁎⁎⁎ | 0.12* | 0.58⁎⁎⁎ | 0.15⁎⁎ | — | |||
| 11. T4 RP | 30.31 ± 6.71 | 0.07 | 0.09* | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.26⁎⁎⁎ | 0.07 | 0.40⁎⁎⁎ | 0.08 | 0.60⁎⁎⁎ | 0.12* | — | ||
| 12. T4 SA | 19.11 ± 4.56 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.47⁎⁎⁎ | 0.24⁎⁎⁎ | 0.12* | 0.26⁎⁎⁎ | 0.15⁎⁎ | 0.25⁎⁎⁎ | 0.12* | 0.31⁎⁎⁎ | 0.14⁎⁎ | — | |
| 13. T4 H | 32.36 ± 7.18 | 0.20⁎⁎⁎ | 0.20⁎⁎⁎ | −0.17⁎⁎⁎ | −0.21⁎⁎⁎ | −0.03 | −0.28⁎⁎⁎ | −0.06 | −0.40⁎⁎⁎ | −0.02 | −0.43⁎⁎⁎ | 0.03 | −0.27⁎⁎⁎ | — |
Note: N = 559. SS = social support; FF = family functioning; SA= smartphone addiction tendency; DS = depressive symptoms; RP = risk perception of COVID-19; H = hope. *p < 0.05. ⁎⁎p < 0.01. ⁎⁎⁎p < 0.001.