Table 1.
Risk factor category | Features of risk factor | Associated ED |
---|---|---|
Genetic | See Sect. Introduction and Table 2 for details | AN, BN, BED |
Gut microbial dysbiosys | Escherichia Coli (CIpB) | AN |
Autoimmune disease | Diabetes, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease | AN, BN, EDNOS |
Childhood weight status | Low BMI | AN |
High BMI | BN, BED | |
Relationship with parents | Parent perception that the child is overweight | AN-BP, BN, BED, PD |
Parental teasing about weight | AN-BP, BN, BED | |
Perceived pressure from parents to eat | ARFID | |
Neglect/abuse/trauma | AN, BN, BED, PD | |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | BED | |
Personality traits | Perfectionism | AN-R, A-AN |
Obsession | AN-R, A-AN | |
Impulsiveness | AN-BP, BN, BED, PD | |
Comorbid conditions | Obsessive compulsive disorder | AN |
Social anxiety disorder | BN, AN | |
Borderline personality disorder | BN, BED, PD | |
Bipolar disorder | BN, BED | |
Depression | All EDs | |
Social/environmental | Exposure to ‘thin ideal’ | All ED |
Body dissatisfaction | BN, BED, PD | |
Early puberty development | BN, AN | |
Food insecurity | Binge eating behaviours | |
High educational attainment | Restricting type ED behaviours | |
Involvement in elite sports | All ED |
ED eating disorder; AN anorexia nervosa; BN bulimia nervosa; BED binge eating disorder; EDNOS eating disorder not otherwise specified; BMI body mass index; AN-BP anorexia nervosa (binge-purge subtype); PD personality disorder; ARFID avoidant restrictive food intake disorder; AN-R anorexia nervosa (restrictive subtype); A-AN atypical AN