Table III.
Clinical and immunological features of paraneoplastic inflammatory manifestations
| Author | Study type | Tumor(s) | N | TNM | Arthritis | Inolved joints | ACPA | RF | ANA | ENA | Neo-plastic markers | Other signs | Outcome/median survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longley et al. 1986 [26] | CS | Myeloproliferative disease | 2 | n.a. | Asymmetrical polyarthritis | Wrist, MCP, IFJ, knee, ankle | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | Cutaneous vasculitis | Death |
| Lambert, Nuki 1992 [39] | CR | Penis squamous carcinoma | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Hands, wrist, knees | n.a. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Multicentric reticulohystiocytosis | Death |
| Cohen et al. 1993 [27] | CR | Lymphocytic lymphoma | 1 | IV | Axial arthritis | Bilaterla SIJ, hips, lumbar and cervical spine, sternoclavear | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | Laterocervical lymphoadenophaty, nephrolitiasis | n.a. |
| Drenth et al. 1995 [38] | CR | Breast ductal carcinoma | 1 | pT2N1M0 | Polyarthritis | Knee, ankle, wrist, elbow, and shoulders | n.a. | Neg | n.a. | n.a. | Fever, erythematous rash | Survived | |
| Stummvoll et al. 2001 [5] | CR | SCLC (1), colon adenocarcinoma (2) | 2 | pT2pN0 (1, SCLC), pT3pN1, G2 (2, colon) | Symmetrical polyarthritis | MCP and IFJ, shoulder, knee (1), joints hands (2) | n.a. | Neg (1) | 1 : 80 (1) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Survived (1) |
| Lima et al. 2002 [31] | CR | CML | 1 | n.a. | Polyarthritis | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | Weakness, weight loss, diarrhea, myalgias | Death |
| Glinkov et al. 2003 [6] | CR | HCC | 1 | n.a. | Polyarthritis | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | AFP | Erythema nodosum | Survived |
| Mok, Kwan 2003 [7] | CR | Adenocarcinoma of uknown origin | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Shoulders, elbows, wrists, MCPs, PIPs, knee and ankle | n.a. | + | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | Peritoneal carcinosis, ascites | Death |
| Wiese et al. 2004 [40] | CR | Ovarian teratoma | 1 | n.a. | Polyarthritis | Knees, wrists | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | Hypersomnolence, fatigability, night sweats, and periodic mouth ulcers | Survived |
| Ardalan, Shoja 2007 [28] | CR | MM | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Hands and feets | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | AKI | Survivied |
| Bivalacqua et al. 2007 [21] | CR | NSCLC + bladder cancer | 1 | T2N0 (Mx ?) | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Ankles, knees, hands, elbow, shoulder | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Shortness of breath and wheezing | Survived |
| Cantini et al. 2007 [16] | CS | NSCLC | 5 | n.a. | Mononarthritis | Knee | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Survived |
| Morel et al. 2008 [15] | CS | solid cancer (20 [13, 60% lung adenocarcinoma]), haematological disease (6) | 26 | T2 (50%) N1 (46.1%) M0 (80%) | Symmetric polyarthritis | Wrists, hands, knees | n.a. | Neg. (78.3%) | Neg. (70.8%) | n.a. | n.a. | Weight loss (42%), fatigue (46%), fever (27%) | 1.2 years |
| Tedeschi et al. 2017 [29] | CR | MDS | 1 | n.a. | Asymmetrical oligoarthritis | Left ankle, atlanto-epistrhopheal, right knee | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Death |
| Zupancic et al. 2008[17] | CR | SCLC | 1 | n.a. | Asymmetrical polyarthritis | Left ankle, left wrist, shoulder | Neg. | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | Death |
| Bahat et al. 2009 [9] | CS | AIL (1), colon adenocarcinoma (2) | 2 | n.a. (1) n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Hands, wrists (1 + 2) | Neg. (1 +2) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Inguinal and axillary lymphoadenopathies, splenomegaly (1) | Death (1), survived (2) |
| Kumar et al. 2009 [8] | CR | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 1 | n.a. | Asymmetrical polyarthritis | Wrist, hand, elbow, shoulder | 154.6 IU/ml | 419.5 IU/ml | Neg. | n.a. | 373 U/ml CA 19.9 | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss | Death |
| Larson et al. 2011 [19] | CR | Lung adenocarcinoma | 1 | IV | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Elbows, PIPs, MCP, knees | 86 IU/ml | 199 IU/ml | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | Cough, shortness of breath, pulmonary embolism | Death |
| Kobak 2013 [25] | CR | Prostatic cancer | 1 | n.a. | Monoarthritis | Left ankle | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | PSA | Foot drop | Survived |
| Raja et al. 2010 [37] | CR | Lymphoid granulomatosis | 1 | IV | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Knees, ankles, wrists | 133 IU/ml | > 250 IU/ml | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Maculopapular rash, fever, weight loss | Death |
| Han et al. 2012 [18] | CR | Lung adenocarcinoma | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Wrists, shoulder, knee, elbows, MCPs | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | CEA 11.9 ng/ml | Cough, fever, anorexia, weight loss | n.a. |
| Aruch, Mims 2013[32] | CR | Hodgkin lymphoma | 1 | 3A | Oligoarthritis | Ankle, knee | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Lymphadenopathies, nephrotic syndrome | Survived |
| Ochi et al. 2012 [10] | CR | Gastric cancer | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Shoulders, knees, wrists | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | CA 19.9 197.4 U/ml | Weight loss | n.a. |
| Prashanth et al. 2013 [33] | CR | Leukemia | 1 | n.a. | Asymmetrical polyarthritis | Left knee, ankles | Neg. | n.a. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Handy et al. 2015[34] | CR | T-ALL | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical Polyarthritis | Wrists, MCPs, knees, left ankle | 242 IU/ml | 1.148 IU/ml | 1 : 80 | n.a. | n.a. | Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, adenopathies | Death |
| Kisacik et al. 2014 [22] | CS | Solid tumors (39), haematological malignancies (26) | 65 | n.a. | Polyarthritis (22), oligoarthritis (31), monoarthritis (12) | Hands and wrists (28), ankle (35), knee (39) | 7/65 | 15/65 | 10/65 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Watson et al. 2015[20] | CR | Papillary breast carcinoma (1), lung adenocarcinoma (2) | 2 | n.a. (1), n.a. (2) | Polyarthritis (1 + 2) | Knee (1), shoulder (1), wrist (1), hands, feets (2) | 36 IU/ml (1), neg. (2) | 42 IU/ml (1), neg. (2) | n.a. (1 + 2) | n.a. (1 + 2) | n.a. (1 + 2) | n.a. (1 + 2) | Survived (1 + 2) |
| Erlij et al.2016 [35] | CR | Hodking lymphoma | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | MCP, PIJ | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | Membranopro-liferative glomerulonephritis + AKI + B symptoms | Survived |
| Levi Sandri et al. 2016 [13] | CR | Follicular dendritic cell liver sarcoma | 1 | n.a. | Polyarthritis | Wrists and knees | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Gamage et al. 2018 [36] | CR | DLBCL | 1 | IV | Polyarthritis | n.a. | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | Fever, night sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphoadenopathy | Survived |
| Iqbal et al. 2018 [30] | CR | MDS | 1 | n.a. | Polyarthritis | Left wrist, knee | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Survived |
| Eidenschink et al. 2019 [24] | CR | Mesothelioma | 1 | IV | Oligoarthritis | Wrist, shoulder, knee | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | Fever, hypertension, tachypnoea | n.a. |
| Briones-Figueroa et al. 2019 [14] | CR | Lingual squamous cell carcinoma | 1 | n.a. | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Wrists, proximal inter-phalangeal joints, knees and elbows | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | Neg. | Asthenia, hyporexia, and weight loss | Survived |
| Rabah et al. 2020 [11] | CR | Gastric cancer | 1 | T3N1mx | Symmetrical polyarthritis | Hands,elbows, feets | Neg. | Neg. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Weight loss, fatigue | n.a. |
| Sachdev Manjit Singh et al.2021 [23] | CR | Lung adenocarcinoma (1), ovarian cystadeno-carcinoma (2) | 2 | n.a. (1), IIIc (2) | Asymmetrical oligoarthritis (1 + 2) | Ankles (1), wrist (2, 3), MCP (1–5) PIP (2) | n.a. (1) | Neg. (1 + 2) | 1 : 320 (1), 1 : 160 (2) | n.a. (1) | n.a. (1) | Weight loss and anorexia(2) | n.a. (1), death (2) |
| Silvèrio-Antonio et al. 2021[12] | CR | Gastric cancer | 1 | T3N2M0, G3 | Symmetric polyarthritis | PIP, MCP, wrists, hands | 156.9 IU/ml | 215 IU/ml | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Vomiting, progressive fatigue, and weight loss | 18 months |
ACPA – anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, AFP – α-fetoprotein, AKI – acute kidney injury, AIL – aintegumenta-like, ANA – anti-nuclear antibody, CAE – caprine arthritis-encephalitis syndrome, CML – chronic myeloid leukemia, DLBCL – diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, ENA – 2’-O,4’-C-Ethylene-bridged nucleic acid, HCC – hepatocellular carcinoma, n.a. – not applicable, MCP – metacarpophalangeal, MDS – myelodysplastic syndrome, Neg. – negative, NSCLC – non-small cell lung cancer, PIJ – proximal interphalangeal joint, PIP – proximal interphalangeal, SIJ – sacroiliac joint, RF – rheumatoid factor, SCLC – small-cell lung cancer, T-ALL – T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, TNM – tumor-node-metastasis.