Table 2.
Regression analysis of variable factors associated with the occurrence of side effects
| Variables | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | ||
| <20 | 6.000 (2.065–17.431) | 0.001 |
| 21–30 | 3.794 (1.259–11.430) | 0.018 |
| 30 above | Ref | ‐ |
| Gender | ||
| Male | Ref | ‐ |
| Female | 2.373 (1.146–4.914) | 0.020 |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | Ref | ‐ |
| Married | 0.217 (0.085–0.556) | 0.001 |
| Divorced/widowed | a | a |
| Education level | ||
| Graduate | 0.353 (0.153–0.816) | 0.015 |
| Secondary/higher‐secondary | 1.293 (0.496–3.370) | 0.599 |
| Undergraduate | Ref | ‐ |
| Monthly household income (PKR) | ||
| <20,000 | 1.355 (0.435–4.221) | 0.600 |
| <50,000 | 1.573 (0.464–5.325) | 0.467 |
| <100,000 | 1.587 (0.511–4.927) | 0.424 |
| 100,00–200,000 | 0.881 (0.342–2.267) | 0.792 |
| >200,000 | Ref | ‐ |
| Occupation | ||
| Enterprise or institution workers | 0.322 (0.072–1.437) | 0.138 |
| Healthcare worker | 1.103 (0.124–9.792) | 0.930 |
| Others (freelancers, retirees, and social workers) | 0.310 (0.106–0.909) | 0.033 |
| Teachers/students | 1.268 (0.467–3.440) | 0.641 |
| Unemployed | Ref | ‐ |
| Region | ||
| Sindh | Ref | ‐ |
| Punjab | 1.097 (0.507–2.376) | 0.814 |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | a | a |
| Balochistan | a | a |
| Previously infected with COVID‐19 | ||
| Yes | Ref | ‐ |
| No | 0.721 (0.304–1.170) | 0.458 |
| Comorbidities | ||
| None | 0.839 (0.335–2.097) | 0.707 |
| Yes | Ref | ‐ |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Dependent variable, experienced no side effects vs experienced at least one side effects; Ref, reference category.
a
Could not be computed because of low response distribution.