Table 1.

An overview on recently reported LFIA for detection of Salmonella

Materials used	Signal	Detection limit (CFU/mL)	Assay time	Linearity range (CFU/mL)	Complex samples	Ref
Gold nanoparticles	Color	107	30 min	Qualitative		[40]
Gold-coated gold nanoparticles	Color	104	20 min	Qualitative	Diluted fat-reduced milk	[41]
Nitrogen-rich carbon nanoparticles	Color	102	20 min	102–108	Diluted juice and vegetable salad	[42]
Au@Ru nanocomposites	Color	9.8 × 104	10 min	2.9 × 106–2.9 × 1011	Diluted drinking water, juice, and milk	[39]
Quantum dot nanobeads	Fluorescence	5 × 103	12 min	5 × 104–107	Broth processed by centrifugation	[43]
Up-converting phosphor	Fluorescence	104	20 min	104–107	Food samples cultured for about 14 h	[44]
Magnetic nanoparticles	Color	1.95 × 105	30 min	Qualitative	Low fat milk	[45]
Fluorescent-magnetic nanospheres	Fluorescence and magnetic signal	3.5 × 103	35 min	1.88 × 104–1.88 × 107	Milk, serum, and whole blood	[27]
Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles	Color and photothermal signal	5 × 104	50 min	5 × 106–1 × 108	Whole milk	This work