Table 2.

Neuropsychological assessment performance for all groups

	bvFTD	SD	Control	Group effect	bvFTD versus SD (P-value)
ACE-R attention Total (18)	15 (3.8)	16 (1.7)	17.5 (0.6)	F(2,88) = 8.1; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.15	0.77
ACE-R memory Total (26)	17.3 (6.3)	15 (5.3)	24.4 (1.7)	F(2,88) = 29.8; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.40	0.21
ACE-R fluency Total (14)	6.8 (4.4)	6.2 (3.2)	12.2 (1.5)	F(2,88) = 30.6; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.41	0.54
ACE-R language Total (26)	21.6 (4.4)	14.7 (4.7)	25.3 (0.99)	F(2,88) = 62; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.58	0.0001
ACE-R visuospatial Total (16)	13.9 (2.4)	14.9 (2.2)	15.3 (1)	F(2,88) = 3.5; P = 0.032; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.07	0.058
SYDBAT Naming (30)	22.4 (5.1)	9 (6.1)	27 (1.8)	F(2,84) = 112.6; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.72	<0.0001
SYDBAT Comprehension (30)	26.7 (2.8)	20.6 (6.8)	29.2 (1.5)	F(2,86) = 29.9; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.41	0.0018
SYDBAT Repetition (30)	29.4 (1.2)	29 (1.7)	29.8 (0.4)	F(2,85) = 2.8; P = 0.06; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.07	0.0603
SYDBAT Semantic Association (30)	24.3 (4.1)	18.9 (6)	28.3 (1.6)	F(2,85) = 35.1; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.45	0.0029
Digit span forward (16)	9.1 (2.1)	10.1 (2.4)	11.8 (2)	F(2,88) = 10.6; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.19	0.20
Digit span backward (16)	5.3 (2.2)	6.4 (2.2)	7.8 (2.3)	F(2,88) = 9.3; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.17	0.057
Letter fluency (F, A, S total)	25.1 (16.3)	26 (10.2)	44.6 (10.2)	F(2,87) = 22.6; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.34	0.69
ROCF copy (36)	29.2 (5.9)	31.4 (3.1)	32 (2.9)	F(2,86) = 3.7; P = 0.027; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.08	0.30
ROCF delayed recall (36)	10.3 (7.6)	14.1 (7.1)	17.1 (5.1)	F(2,83) = 7.2; P = 0.0013; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.14	0.065
TMT B–A Time Difference (s)	78.7 (45.8	68 (76.2)	44.9 (26.5)	F(2,80) = 2.7; P = 0.072; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.06	0.12
FAST total (42)	30.5 (6.9)	30.4 (5.6)	38.7 (2.9)	F(2,89) = 22.9; P < 0.001; ${\eta }_p^2$=0.34	0.72

Note. In left-most column, maximum test scores reported in brackets; SD group comprises of SD-Left and SD-Right patients (see Supplementary Table 3 for comparisons between these clinical subgroups and bvFTD); for all groups, mean and standard deviation reported; χ² = Chi-square value; based on Shapiro–Wilk test outputs, t-test (t-value) employed when data met normality assumptions or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test (W-value) employed when data violated normality assumptions; for the magnitude of group effect, exact χ²/t-/W-/F-statistics, exact P-values (unless P < 0.001) and effect size (${\eta }_p^2$) values reported; for all statistical comparisons, P-values bolded if P ≤ 0.05; bvFTD, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia; SD, semantic dementia; ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination—Revised; SYDBAT, Sydney Language Battery; ROCF, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure; TMT B–A, Trail Making Test parts B–A; FAST, Facial Affect Selection Test.