TABLE 3.
Results of subgroup analyses
| Study characteristics | Datasets number | OR (95% CI) | I 2 | p For subgroup effect | p For subgroup difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | |||||
| Asian | 4 | 2.45 [1.16, 5.15] | 87% | .02 | |
| Non‐Asian | 10 | 1.66 [1.37, 2.01] | 63% | <.001 | .32 |
| Sample size | |||||
| <500 | 7 | 2.19 [1.36, 3.54] | 87% | .001 | |
| ≥500 | 7 | 1.54 [1.27, 1.88] | 44% | <.001 | .18 |
| Age cutoffs | |||||
| <65 years | 7 | 2.44 [1.51, 3.94] | 73% | .003 | |
| ≥65 years | 7 | 1.52 [1.27, 1.80] | 61% | <.001 | .07 |
| Men | |||||
| <40% | 6 | 2.17 [1.67, 2.83] | 16% | <.001 | |
| ≥40% | 8 | 1.79 [1.34, 2.39] | 85% | <.001 | .33 |
| Diagnosis of insomnia | |||||
| PSQI | 3 | 1.30 [1.16, 1.46] | 0% | <.001 | |
| AIS | 5 | 2.92 [1.84, 4.61] | 74% | <.001 | |
| Self‐reported | 5 | 1.60 [1.23, 2.08] | 25% | <.001 | .002 |
| Diagnosis of frailty | |||||
| FFP | 8 | 1.53 [1.29, 1.81] | 29% | <.001 | |
| Others | 6 | 2.29 [1.34, 3.92] | 90% | .002 | .16 |
| Depression adjusted | |||||
| Yes | 7 | 1.51 [1.29, 1.77] | 30% | <.001 | |
| No | 7 | 2.19 [1.29, 3.73] | 88% | .004 | .19 |
| NOS | |||||
| 7 | 4 | 1.59 [1.09, 2.33] | 36% | .02 | |
| 8 | 6 | 2.29 [1.38, 3.80] | 89% | .001 | |
| 9 | 4 | 1.59 [1.15, 2.19] | 44% | .005 | .44 |
Abbreviations: AIS, Athens Insomnia Scale; CI, confidence interval; FFP, fried frailty phenotype; OR, odds ratio; NOS, the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.