Table 4.

Standardized factor loadings and standard errors for the two-factor higher-order model (Model 4) (N = 305).

Items	Re	Av	Th	AD	NSC	DR
Having upsetting dreams (Re1)	0.73 (0.04)
Having powerful images and memories (Re2)	0.77 (0.04)
Avoiding internal reminders (Av1)		0.72 (0.06)
Avoiding external reminders (Av2)		0.83 (0.05)
Being ‘super-alert’, watchful, or on guard (Th1)			0.61 (0.06)
Feeling jumpy or easily startled (Th2)			0.81 (0.04)
Long time to calm down when upset (AD1)				0.67 (0.05)
Feeling numb or emotionally shut down (AD2)				0.81 (0.04)
Feeling like a failure (NSC1)					0.90 (0.02)
Feeling worthless (NSC2)					0.85 (0.03)
Feeling distant or cut off from people (DR1)						0.87 (0.03)
Finding it hard to stay emotionally close to people (DR2)						0.72 (0.05)
First-order factors	PTSD			DSO
Re-experiencing (Re)	0.87 (0.04)
Avoidance (Av)	0.62 (0.06)
Sense of current threat (Th)	1.07 (0.05)
Affective dysregulation (AD)				0.96 (0.04)
Negative self-concept (NSC)				0.94 (0.03)
Disturbances in relationships (DR)				0.85 (0.05)

Note: All factor loadings are statistically significant (p < .001).

PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; DSO = disturbances in self-organization.