Table 3.
Results of the Recovery–Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) by group.
| Item |
Pre-sleep PRO |
Afternoon PRO |
Placebo |
P-value for time effect | P-value for group-by-time effect | Effect size (ηp2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | ||||
| General_Stress | 0.43 ± 0.69 | 0.34 ± 0.37 | 0.68 ± 0.57 | 1.25 ± 0.51 | 0.78 ± 0.57 | 0.71 ± 0.61 | 0.734 | 0.153 | 0.164 |
| Emotional stress | 1.03 ± 0.91 | 0.81 ± 0.81 | 1.09 ± 0.87 | 1.09 ± 0.87 | 1.21 ± 0.79 | 1.00 ± 0.81 | 0.535 | 0.906 | 0.009 |
| Social stress | 0.78 ± 0.93 | 0.65 ± 0.59 | 0.81 ± 0.76 | 0.65 ± 0.26 | 0.65 ± 0.56 | 0.50 ± 0.61 | 0.337 | 0.995 | 0.000 |
| Conflicts pressure | 2.03 ± 1.28 | 1.71 ± 1.19 | 2.12 ± 1.52 | 2.40 ± 0.54 | 1.87 ± 0.89 | 1.62 ± 0.75 | 0.686 | 0.517 | 0.061 |
| Fatigue | 1.28 ± 1.01 | 1.62 ± 0.66 | 1.18 ± 0.63 | 1.90 ± 0.80 | 1.53 ± 1.44 | 1.46 ± 0.86 | 0.085 | 0.247 | 0.125 |
| Lack of energy | 0.84 ± 0.85 | 1.00 ± 0.95 | 1.34 ± 1.01 | 1.15 ± 0.68 | 1.06 ± 0.82 | 1.18 ± 0.86 | 0.874 | 0.730 | 0.030 |
| Physical complaints | 0.78 ± 0.55 | 1.06 ± 0.54 | 0.75 ± 0.71 | 1.15 ± 0.70 | 1.12 ± 0.86 | 1.37 ± 1.03 | 0.057 | 0.910 | 0.009 |
| Success | 3.40 ± 1.00 | 2.40 ± 1.09 | 2.87 ± 1.15 | 2.31 ± 1.23 | 3.03 ± 0.82 | 2.81 ± 0.90 | 0.004** | 0.243 | 0.126 |
| Social recovery | 3.25 ± 1.50 | 3.71 ± 0.60 | 2.96 ± 1.63 | 3.50 ± 1.25 | 3.00 ± 1.06 | 3.93 ± 1.09 | 0.034* | 0.769 | 0.025 |
| Physical recovery | 2.93 ± 0.81 | 3.12 ± 1.12 | 3.00 ± 1.63 | 2.96 ± 1.27 | 3.28 ± 1.41 | 3.06 ± 1.03 | 0.932 | 0.794 | 0.022 |
| General well being | 3.65 ± 1.20 | 4.68 ± 1.03 | 3.75 ± 1.37 | 4.43 ± 0.99 | 4.21 ± 0.80 | 4.68 ± 1.72 | 0.016* | 0.852 | 0.015 |
| Sleep quaity | 3.56 ± 0.88 | 3.59 ± 0.58 | 4.03 ± 0.93 | 3.68 ± 1.46 | 4.15 ± 0.37 | 3.46 ± 1.12 | 0.165 | 0.461 | 0.071 |
| Disturbed breaks | 0.84 ± 0.46 | 1.03 ± 0.77 | 0.59 ± 0.58 | 1.37 ± 2.32 | 0.84 ± 0.90 | 1.28 ± 1.85 | 0.159 | 0.753 | 0.027 |
| Emotional exhaustion | 0.68 ± 0.47 | 0.46 ± 0.66 | 0.84 ± 0.54 | 1.59 ± 2.12 | 0.81 ± 0.71 | 1.43 ± 1.19 | 0.229 | 0.401 | 0.083 |
| Injury | 1.28 ± 0.89 | 1.93 ± 0.88 | 1.87 ± 1.73 | 2.59 ± 1.42 | 1.65 ± 0.85 | 2.12 ± 0.98 | 0.007** | 0.877 | 0.012 |
| Being in shape | 3.71 ± 1.04 | 3.59 ± 1.43 | 4.25 ± 1.19 | 3.90 ± 1.58 | 3.59 ± 1.36 | 3.84 ± 1.49 | 0.769 | 0.613 | 0.046 |
| Personal accomplishment | 3.12 ± 1.06 | 2.96 ± 1.31 | 2.93 ± 0.94 | 2.90 ± 1.28 | 3.15 ± 0.51 | 3.43 ± 0.41 | 0.887 | 0.701 | 0.033 |
| Self efficacy | 3.65 ± 1.48 | 3.87 ± 1.70 | 3.90 ± 1.31 | 3.90 ± 1.41 | 3.34 ± 1.15 | 4.03 ± 1.44 | 0.232 | 0.517 | 0.061 |
| Sefl regulation | 3.62 ± 1.24 | 3.68 ± 1.71 | 3.96 ± 1.29 | 3.90 ± 1.26 | 4.12 ± 1.14 | 4.25 ± 0.55 | 0.858 | 0.944 | 0.005 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD. Abbreviations: Afternoon PRO, protein supplementation in the afternoon; Pre-sleep PRO, protein supplementation before sleep. Symbols for significant time effect: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.