Fig. 4. Cerebral lateralization of coactivated brain states is reflected in the contralateral cerebellum and in language task.

(A) Left-lateralized state 15 showed activation in the DN and FPN, as well as cortical areas known to be important for language processing, while activation of right-lateralized state 11 comprised cortical regions anchored in the SN and ventral attention networks. Both lateralized brain states 15 and 11 showed the strongest coactivations in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. (B) The occurrence rates of left-lateralized state 15 and right-lateralized state 11 were calculated during resting state and during a language task. Bar graphs depict mean (±SEM) occurrence rates for both states 15 and 11 during resting state (green bars) and the language task (yellow bars). The occurrence of left-lateralized state 15 was significantly greater during the language task compared to resting state, whereas right-lateralized state 11 showed an opposite pattern. (C) Task-based language LI was significantly correlated with the occurrence rate of left-lateralized state 15 in 55 subjects. (D) The occurrence of left-lateralized state 15 was significantly correlated with language task onsets (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), indicating that coactivated regions comprising left-lateralized brain state 15 may subserve language processing. In contrast, the occurrence of right-lateralized state 11 showed a significant negative correlation with task onsets (r = −0.34, P < 0.001).