PD-L1 positivity is associated with prolonged PFS and OS in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Image of one of the mIF panels, evaluating PD-L1 and cytokeratin in a patient with (A) low and (B) high PD-L1 expression on infiltrating cells. Kaplan-Meier curves for (C) PFS and (D) OS among patients with low and high CPS. Univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of association between (E) PFS and (F) OS and immune-infiltrating cells assessed by mIF. CPS, combined positive score; mIF, multiplex immunofluorescence; OS, overall survival; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PFS, progression-free survival; TPS, tissue polypeptide specific antigen.