Table 4.

Calculation of the Jaccard similarity index to understand the interaction between COVID-19 and each of the comorbidities. T_C19 is the DEGs for COVID-19, where TU_C19 is the upregulated DEGs and TD_C19 is the downregulated DEGs. Similarly, T_CO corresponds to the DEGs for each comorbidity, where TU_CO is the upregulated and TD_CO is the downregulated DEGs.

Comorbidity name	TUC19	TDC19	T C19 = TUC19 + TDC19	TUCO	TDCO	T CO = TUCO + TDCO	T C19∩TCO	T C19 ∪ TCO = TC19 + TCO − (TC19∩TCO)	Jaccard's similarity index $\frac{\left|T_{C19}\cap T_{\text{CO}}\right|}{\left|T_{C19}\cup T_{\text{CO}}\right|}$
Hypertension	576	588	1164	745	145	890	78	1976	$\frac{78}{1976}=0.039$
Diabetes				417	480	897	48	2013	$\frac{48}{2013}=0.024$
Obesity				510	487	997	63	2098	$\frac{63}{2098}=0.030$
Lung cancer				2504	2255	4759	144	5779	$\frac{144}{5779}=0.025$