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. 2022 Aug 22;205:3–58. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866

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Jens J. Ringelberg, Erik J. M. Koenen, João R. Iganci, Luciano P. de Queiroz, Daniel J. Murphy, Myriam Gaudeul, Anne Bruneau, Melissa Luckow, Gwilym P. Lewis, Colin E. Hughes

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Figure 15. — Evolution of different types of armature across Caesalpinioideae. Character states were defined as: unarmed; nodal or internodal prickles on stem; stipular spines; nodal axillary thorns including modified inflorescence axes of Chloroleucon; spinescent shoots. Branch lengths are not informative in this figure. Photos a and b axillary thorns aParkinsoniaandicola (Griseb.) Varjão & Mansano bProsopisjuliflora (Sw.) DC. c, d, h internodal prickles cSenegaliatamarindifolia (L.) Britton & Rose dMimosaophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth. e spinescent shoots, Prosopiskuntzei Harms f and g stipular spines fProsopisferox Griseb. gVachelliacornigera (L.) Seigler & Ebinger hCylicodiscusgabunensis Harms. All photos Colin Hughes, except h William Hawthorne.