. 2022 Apr 26;16(2):93–125. doi: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i2.79033

Table 7.

Cytogenetic features of Cucumis (Benincaseae)#.

Species with subspecies/ varieties				Chromosome no.			Ploidy, Genome size, Chromosome features	References
Species with subspecies/ varieties				x	2n	n	Ploidy, Genome size, Chromosome features	References
C.aculeatus Cogniaux, 1895					48^a		Allotetraploid^b; 24II^c	IPCN^a-c, CCDB^a-c
C.africanus Linnaeus, 1782				12^a	24^b, 48^c	12^d	Diploid^e; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 1.782pg^f; 4 satellited chromosomes^g; 45S (4^h/6ⁱ) rDNA signals, 2 co-localized 45S+5S signals^j	IPCN^b,c, Yadava et al. (1984)^b,d, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^b,e,f, Yagi et al. (2015)^a,b,g,i,j, Zhang et al. (2016)^b,e,h,j
C.angolensis Cogniaux, 1881.					24^a			IPCN ^a
C.anguria Linnaeus, 1753					24^a		Diploid^b; majorly submetacentric and few nearly metacentric chromosomes^c; 1 pair satellited^d; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^e, ScgCP enables chromosome identification^f; GISH reveals cross species relationships^g	Singh and Roy (1974)^a-d, Zhang et al. (2015)^a,g, (2016)^b,e, Li et al. (2018)^a,f
			C.anguriavar.anguria	12^a	24^b	12^c	Diploid^d; 4 satellited chromosomes^e; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^f	Yadava et al. (1984)^b,c, Yagi et al. (2015)^a,d,e,f
			C.anguriavar.longipes		24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 1.587pg^d	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,b, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,d
			C.anguriavar.longaculeatus	12^a	^12.5		Diploid^c; 4 satellited chromosomes^d; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^e	Yagi et al. (2015) ^a-e
C.asper Cogniaux, 1901					24^a		Diploid^b; 45S (4) and 5S (2) signals detected^c	IPCN^a, Zhang et al. (2016)^a,b,c
C.callosus Rottler, 1803					14^a, 24^b	12^c	Diploid^d; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry):1.590pg^e; 11m+1sm (haploid)^f	Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,d,e, Rajkumari et al. (2013)^b,c, (2015)^b,c,f
C.cinereusCogniaux, 1901 (syn. Cucumellacinerea)							2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 0.5pg^a	Bennet et al. (1982)^a
C.diniae Raamsdonk et Visser, 1992					48^a		-	IPCN ^a
C.dinteri Cogniaux, 1901					24^a		Diploid^b; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 2.167pg^c	IPCN^a, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a-c
C.dipsaceus Spach, 1838					24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 2.448pg^d; 2m+8sm+2st (haploid)^e; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^f	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,b, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,d, Rajkumari et al. (2015)^a,c,e, Zhang et al. (2016)^a,c,f
C.ficifoliusRichard, 1847					24^a, 48^b	12^c	Diploid^d; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry):1.373pg^e; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^f	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,c, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,d,e, Zhang et al. (2016)^b,f
C.figarei Naudin, 1859					48^a, 72^b		Autoallopolyploid^c; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 3.886pg^e; 36II^f	IPCN^a-f, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,e
C.heptadactylis Naudin, 1859					48^a	23^b, 24^c, 52^d	Autotetraploid^e; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 2.225pg^f; 8 satellited chromosomes^g; 45S (8) rDNA signals^h of which 4 co-localized to 5S signalsⁱ or separate 5S (4) rDNA signals^j; 10IV+4II^k; irregular meiosis^l	IPCN^a,e,k, Yadava et al. (1984)^a,b,d,e,l, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,e,f, Yagi et al. (2015)^a,e,g,h,i, Zhang et al. (2016)^a,e,h,j
C.hookeri Naudin, 1870					24^a	12^b	Diploid^c	Yadava et al. (1984) ^a,b,c
C.humifructus Stent, 1927					24^a		Diploid^b; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 2.455 pg^c	Ramachandran and Narayan (1985) ^a,b,c
C.hystrix Chakravarty, 1952				12^a	24^b		Diploid^c; 2m+10sm (haploid)^d; 45S (4) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^e; FISH with bulked oligo probe from cucumber chromosome C7^f, GISH reveals cross species relationships^g	Rajkumari et al. (2015)^b,c,d, Han et al. (2015)^f, Zhang et al. (2015)^b,g, (2016)^a,b,c,e
C.indicus Ghebretinsae et Thulin, 2007					20^a		Diploid^b; 4m+ 6sm (haploid)^c	Rajkumari et al. (2015) ^a-c
C.javanicus Miquel, 1856 (syn. Melothriaassamica)				12^a	24^b, 48^c		-	Kumar and Subramaniam (1987)^a, CCDB^b,c
C.leiospermus Wight et Arnott, 1834 (syn. Melothrialeiosperma)					24^a		-	CCDB ^a
C.leptodermis Schweickerdt, 1933					24^a	12^b	-	Yadava et al. (1984) ^a,b
C.longipes Hooker, 1871					24^a		-	IPCN ^a
C.meeusei Jeffrey, 1965					48^b	22^c, 24^d	Tetraploid^e; 2C- 3.203pg (Feulgen microdensitometry)^f; 45S (6) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^g	Yadava et al. (1984)^b,c,d, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^b,e,f, Zhang et al. (2016)^b,e,g
C.melo Linnaeus, 1753				12^a	20^b, 22^c, 24^d	12^e	Diploid^f; 2C (Feulgen photometry) : 0.94-1.04pg^g, 1.90pg^h; 2C (Flow cytometry): 1.05pgⁱ; 14m+10st (2SAT)^j; 7m+5sm (haploid)^k; 4 satellites^l or 2 satellites^m; CSR1.0-2.1μmⁿ; CMA bands detected^o; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^p; centromeric, telomeric, nulceolar and SSR probe hybridization reveals chromosomal relation^q; ScgCP applied for comparative chromosome rearrangement studywith C.sativus^r; FISH with bulked oligo probe from cucumber chromosome C7^s; novel centromeric satellite DNA hybridized on chromosomes^t; GISH reveals cross species relationships^u; infraspecific positional differences in 45S (terminal and interstitial) -5S (terminal, subterminal and interstitial) rDNA signals^v	CCDB^b,c, Plant DNA C-Values Database^h, Kumar and Subramaniam (1987)^a, Arumuganathan and Earle (1991)^g, Marie and Brown (1993)ⁱ, Zhang (2005)^d,f,j,u, (2015)^d,t, Song and Kim (2008)^d,f,m, Han et al. (2009)^d,e,f,q, (2015)^s, Liu et al. (2010)^d,f,q, Hoshi et al. (2013)^d,f,l,n,o,p, Lou et al. (2014)^r, Rajkumari et al. (2013)^d,e, (2015)^d,f,k, Setiawan et al. (2018)^d,v, (2020)^d,t
			C.melosubsp.melo	12^a	24^b		Diploid; 45S (4) and 5S (2) rDNA signals^c	Zhang et al. (2016) ^a-c
			C.melosubsp.agrestis Naudin, 1859	12^a	24^b		Diploid; 45S (4) and 5S (2) rDNA signals^c	Zhang et al. (2016) ^a-c
			C.melovar.agrestis	12^a	24^b	12^c	Diploid^d; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 2.483pg^e; 10m+2sm (haploid)^f; 1 pair satellited^g	Singh and Roy (1974)^b,d,g, Yadava et al. (1984)^a-d, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^b,d,e, Beevy and Kuriachan (1996)^b,c, Rajkumari et al. (2015)^b,d,f
			C.melovar.conomon Thunberg, 1780		24^a		Diploid^b; 7m+3sm+2st (haploid)^c	Zhang et al. (2005)^a, Rajkumari et al. (2015)^a,b,c
			C.melovar.flexuosus Linnaeus, 1763		24^a		-	IPCN ^a
			C.melovar.inodorus Jacquin, 1832		24^a		Diploid^b; 2C (flow cytometry): 0.64pg^c	Karimzadeh et al. (2010) ^a-c
			C.melovar.melo		24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 4m+8sm (haploid)^d	Beevy and Kuriachan (1996)^a,b, Rajkumari et al. (2015)^b,c,d
			C.melovar.momordica Roxburgh, 1832		24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 2.291pg^d; 6m+5sm+1st (haploid)^e	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,b, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,d, Rajkumari et al. (2015)^a,c,e
			C.melovar.muskmelon		24^a	12^b		Yadava et al. (1984) ^a,b
			C.melovar.utilissimus Roxburgh, 1832		24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 2C (Feulgen densitometry): 2.358 pg^d	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,b; Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,d
C.membranifolius Hooker, 1871					48^a	24^b	-	Yadava et al. (1984) ^a,b
C.metulifer Naudin, 1859 (syn. C.metuliferus)					24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry): 2.391pg^d; metacentric, submetacentric, subtelocentric chromosomes^e; CSR: 0.9–2.0 μmf; 4 satellites^g; nucleolar and centromeric CMA-DAPI bands^h; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signalsⁱ, satellite sequences^j and telomeric DNA^k hybridized on chromosomes; ScgCP applied for comparative chromosome rearrangement studywith C.sativus^l; GISH reveals cross species relationships^m	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,b,c, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,g, Ramachandran and Narayan (1990)^a,c,i, Hoshi et al. (2013)^a,c,e,f,g,h, Lou et al. (2014)^l, Yagi et al. (2014)^{a,c,g,h,i,j,k}, Li et al. (2016)^a,c,i, Zhang et al. (2015)^a,m, (2016)^a,c,i
C.myriocarpus					24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 45S (2^d/4^e) and co-localized 45S+5S (2)^f rDNA signals^d	CCDB^a; Zhang et al. (2016)^a,b,c,d,f, Yagi et al. (2015)^a-f
			C.myriocarpussubsp.leptodermis Schweickerdt, 1933	12^a	24^b		Diploid^c; 4 satellited chromosomes^d; 45S (3^e, 2^f) and co-localized 45S+5S (2^g) rDNA signals	Yagi et al. (2015) ^a-g
			C.myriocarpusvar.myriocarpus	12^a	48^b		Tetraploid^c; 8 satellited chromosomes^d; 45S (4) and co-localized 45S+5S (4) rDNA signals^e	Yagi et al. (2015) ^a-e
C.prophetarum Linnaeus, 1755					24^a	12^b	Diploid^c, 2C (Feulgen Microdensitometry): 1.656 pg^d 5m+7sm (haploid)^e	Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,d, Rajkumari et al. (2013)^a,b, (2015)^a,c,e
	C.prophetarumsubsp.zeyheri Sonder, 1862				48^a		-	IPCN ^a
C.pubescens Willdenow, 1805					24^a	12^b	-	IPCN^a; Beevy and Kuriachan (1996)^b
C.pustulatus Hooker, 1871					48^a, 72^b	24^c	Hexaploid^d, 45S (8) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^e; FISH with bulked oligo probe from cucumber chromosome C7^f	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,c, Han et al. (2015)^f, Zhang et al. (2016)^b,d,e
C.ritchiei Clarke, 1879					24^a		Diploid^b, 8m+4sm (haploid)^c	Rajkumari et al. (2015) ^a,b,c
C.sagittatus Peyritsch, 1860					24^a	12^b	Diploid^c, 2C (Feulgen microdensitometry):1.571pg^d	Yadava et al. (1984)^a,b, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a,c,d
C.sativus Linnaeus, 1753				7^a	14^b	7^c	Diploid^d, 2C (flow cytometry): 1.03pg^e /1.77pg^f; 12 metacentric and 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes^g; CSR: 0.83-1.01μm^h, chromosomal C-bandsⁱ; centromeric 45S (10) and distal 5S (2) rDNA signals^j; FISH with centromeric and telomeric^k and SSR probe reveals chromosome evolution^l; high resolution molecular cytogenetic map^m; ScgCP applied for cross species chromosome rearrangement studyⁿ; FISH with bulked oligo probe from cucumber chromosome C7 in comparison with 5 Cucumis species^o; GISH reveals cross species relationships^p	Kumar and Subramaniam (1987)^a,b, Marie and Brown (1993)^f, Beevy and Kuriachan (1996)^b,c, Hoshi et al.(2008)^b,d,i, Barow and Meister (2003)^b,d,e, Han et al (2011)^b,d,k,l,m, Liu et al. (2010)^b,l, Waminal and Kim (2012)^b,d,g,h,j, Rajkumari et al. (2013)^b,c,f, Sun et al. (2013)^b,m, Lou et al. (2014)^b,n, Han et al. (2015)^o, Zhang et al. (2015)^b,p, Li et al. (2016)^b,d,j
		C.sativus var. Hokutosei		7^a	14^b		Diploid^c, 12 metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes^d; centromeric and telomeric signals^e	Zhang et al. (2012) ^a-e
		C.sativusvar.hardwickii Royle, 1835		7^a	14^b		Diploid^c; 2C (Feulgen Microdensitometry): 1.798pg^d; 6m+1sm (haploid)^e; centromeric 45S (6) and intercalary 5S (2) rDNA signals^f, centromeric, telomeric and SSR probe hybridization^gh; molecular cytogenetic mapⁱ	Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^b,d, Zhao et al. (2011)^b,c,f,g, Yang et al. (2012)^b,h, Rajkumari et al. (2015)^b,c,e, Zhang et al. (2016)^a,b,c,f
		C.sativusvar.hardwickii Royle, 1835		7^a	14^b
		C.sativus var. Long green		7^a	14^b		Diploid^c, 12 metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes^d; centromeric and telomeric sequence signals^e	Zhang et al. (2012) ^a-e
		C.sativusvar.sativus (CSS)		7^a	14^b		Diploid^c, centromeric 45S (10) and intercalary 5S (2) rDNA signals^d; centromeric and distal repetitive sequence probes^e; molecular cytogenetic map^f	Zhao et al. (2011)^b-e, Yang et al. (2012)^b,f, Zhang et al. (2016)^a-d
		C.sativus cv. Winter Long			14^a	7^b	Diploid^c, C- banding^d, DAPI banding^e, 45S (6) and 5 S (2) rDNA signals^f, repetitive sequence based molecular karyotype in somatic and pachytene chromosomes^g	Koo et al. (2002)^a-f, (2005)^a,b,g
		C.sativusvar.xishuangbannesis Qi et Yuan Zhenzhen, 1983		7^a	14^b		Diploid^c, centromeric 45S (10) and intercalary 5S (2) rDNA signals^d; centromeric and telomeric signals^e	Zhao et al. (2011)^b,c,e, Zhang et al. (2016)^a-d
C.setosus Cogniaux, 1881					24^a	12^b	Diploid^c; 4m+5sm+3st (haploid)^d	Rajkumari et al. (2013)^a-c, (2015)^a,c,d
C.silentvalleyii Manilal et Sabu et Mathew, 1985					24^a	12^b	-	Rajkumari et al. (2013) ^a,b
C.trigonus Roxb.					24^a	12^b	-	Rajkumari et al. (2013) ^a,b
C.zambianus Widrl., J.H.Kirkbr., Ghebret. and K.R.Reitsma				12^a	24^b		Diploid^c; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) signals^d	Zhang et al. (2016) ^a-d
C.zeyheri Sond.					24^a, 48^b		Diploid^c, Allotetraploid^d; 2C (Feulgen densitometry): 1.682^e/2.846 pg^f; 4 satellites^g; 45S (2) and co-localized 45S+5S (2) rDNA signals^h; FISH with bulked oligo probe from cucumber schromosome C7ⁱ; 24II^j , 12II^k, 11II+2I^l	IPCN^a,b,d,j,k,l, Ramachandran and Narayan (1985)^a-f, Han et al. (2015)ⁱ, Yagi et al. (2015)^a,c,g,h
Cucumellacinerea (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey							2C (Feulgen Microdensitometry): 0.50pg^a	Bennet et al. (1982)^a
Mukiamaderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. (syn. Cucumismaderaspatanas and Melothriamaderaspatana)				12^a	24^b	11^c, 12^d	-	CCDB^b,c, Rajkumari et al. (2015)^b,d
Oreosyceafricana Hook.f. (syn. Cucumissubsericeus)				12^a	48^b		Tetraploid^c; co-localized 45S and 5S rDNA signals (2)^d; FISH with bulked oligo probe from cucumber chromosome C7^e	Han et al. (2015)^e, Zhang et al. (2016)^a-d

#x: base number; 2n: zygotic number; n: gametic number; NOR: nucleolar organizing region; SAT: satellite chromosome; ScgCP: Single-copy gene-based chromosome painting (Lou et al. 2014); I: univalent, II: bivalent, IV: tetravalent; CCDB: Chromosome Counts Database; superscripts correspond to reference.