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. 2023 Jan 19;13:12. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02315-7

Table 1.

Characteristics of the pandemic cohort.

Incident diagnoses of psychiatric disorder analysis Incident prescriptions of psychotropic medication analysis
Tested for COVID-19 (n = 86,529) Total (n = 308,400) Tested for COVID-19 (n = 56,025) Total (n = 213,757)
Mean Age at study period 68.6 (8.2) 68.2 (8.1) 68.2 (8.3) 67.9 (8.1)
Age at study period
Lower than median (<69 years) 38,652 (44.7%) 143,434 (46.5%) 26,095 (46.6%) 102,662 (48.0%)
Higher than median (≥69 years) 47,877 (55.3%) 164,966 (53.5%) 29,930 (53.4%) 111,095 (52.0%)
Sex
Female 43,407 (50.2%) 160,555 (52.1%) 25,248 (45.1%) 102,014 (47.7%)
Male 43,122 (49.8%) 147,845 (47.9%) 30,777 (54.9%) 111,743 (52.3%)
Townsend deprivation index
Lower than median (<−2.15) 43,348 (50.1%) 157,725 (51.1%) 28,266 (50.5%) 110,227 (51.6%)
Higher than median (≥−2.15) 43,069 (49.8%) 150,315 (48.7%) 27,690 (49.4%) 103,262 (48.3%)
Unknown 112 (0.1%) 360 (0.1%) 69 (0.1%) 268 (0.1%)
Ethnicity
White 80,465 (93.0%) 287,622 (93.3%) 52,204 (93.2%) 199,806 (93.5%)
Mixed 548 (0.6%) 1860 (0.6%) 368 (0.7%) 1280 (0.6%)
Black 2304 (2.7%) 8203 (2.7%) 1407 (2.5%) 5455 (2.6%)
Asian 1834 (2.1%) 5974 (1.9%) 1156 (2.1%) 3996 (1.9%)
Other 935 (1.1%) 3042 (1.0%) 592 (1.1%) 2045 (1.0%)
Unknown 452 (0.5%) 1699 (0.6%) 298 (0.5%) 1175 (0.5%)
Annual Income
≤£ 18,000 14,624 (16.9%) 51,482 (16.7%) 8408 (15.0%) 32,427 (15.2%)
£ 18,000–£ 30,999 17,945 (20.7%) 65,657 (21.3%) 11,330 (20.2%) 44,882 (21.0%)
£ 31,000–£ 51,999 19,402 (22.4%) 70,671 (22.9%) 13,062 (23.3%) 50,497 (23.6%)
£ 52,000–£ 100,000 16,131 (18.6%) 57,775 (18.7%) 11,506 (20.5%) 43,253 (20.2%)
≥£ 100,000 5378 (6.2%) 16,337 (5.3%) 4085 (7.3%) 12,838 (6.0%)
Unknown 13,049 (15.1%) 46,478 (15.1%) 7634 (13.6%) 29,860 (14.0%)
College education
Without 42,749 (49.4%) 152,771 (49.5%) 27,123 (48.4%) 103,999 (48.7%)
With 28,081 (32.5%) 102,532 (33.2%) 20,346 (36.3%) 77,723 (36.4%)
Unknown 15,699 (18.1%) 53,097 (17.2%) 8556 (15.3%) 32,035 (15.0%)
Body mass index, kg/m2a
<18.5 318 (0.4%) 1379 (0.4%) 206 (0.4%) 1007 (0.5%)
18.5–24.9 26,402 (30.5%) 101,551 (32.9%) 17,858 (31.9%) 73,030 (34.2%)
25–29.9 37,425 (43.3%) 133,261 (43.2%) 24,543 (43.8%) 93,138 (43.6%)
≥30 21,866 (25.3%) 70,586 (22.9%) 13,087 (23.4%) 45,538 (21.3%)
Unknown 518 (0.6%) 1623 (0.5%) 331 (0.6%) 1044 (0.5%)
Charlson comorbidity indexb
0 48,638 (56.2%) 205,458 (66.6%) 33,683 (60.1%) 149,850 (70.1%)
≥1 37,891 (43.8%) 102,942 (33.4%) 22,342 (39.9%) 63,907 (29.9%)

aThe Body mass index was calculated using weight kilograms (kg) by the square of height in meters (m2).

bThe Charlson comorbidity index was calculated based on the UK Biobank inpatient hospital data.