Table 5.
Association of congestion markers with clinical outcome
| HR (95% CI) | P | FMI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Admission | |||
| Univariable models | |||
| NT-proBNP, per ln ng/l | 1.09 (0.83–1.42) | 0.534 | 0 |
| IVCmax, per mm | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.373 | 0.005 |
| CS, per point | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | 0.223 | 0.005 |
| DVAS, per cm | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.332 | 0.025 |
| DVAS < median | 0.96 (0.57–1.61) | 0.876 | 0.021 |
| Discharge | |||
| Univariable models | |||
| NT-proBNP, per ln | 1.48 (1.15–1.90) | 0.002 | 0.170 |
| NT-proBNP < 1,500 ng/l | 0.45 (0.22–0.91) | 0.026 | 0.168 |
| IVCmax, per mm | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.627 | 0.029 |
| CS, per point | 1.17 (0.97–1.4) | 0.093 | 0.144 |
| CS < 2 points | 0.63 (0.36–1.11) | 0.112 | 0.165 |
| DVAS, per cm | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) | 0.645 | 0.009 |
| DVAS < median | 1.14 (0.67–1.92) | 0.628 | 0.023 |
| Multivariable models | |||
| NT-proBNP, per ln | 1.47 (1.13–1.90) | 0.004 | 0.188 |
| + IVCmax, per mm | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.915 | 0.097 |
| + CS, per point | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 0.235 | 0.199 |
| + DVAS, per cm | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.529 | 0.012 |
| NT-proBNP < 1,500 ng/l | 0.45 (0.22–0.91) | 0.027 | 0.166 |
| + IVCmax < 21 mm | 1.03 (0.61–1.76) | 0.899 | 0.058 |
| + CS < 2 points | 0.64 (0.36–1.14) | 0.128 | 0.190 |
| + DVAS < median | 1.09 (0.64–1.84) | 0.757 | 0.013 |
Risk for all-cause death or readmission for cardiovascular cause depending on the degree of congestion as measured by quantitative congestion markers. CI confidence interval, CS clinical congestion score, FMI fraction of missing information, HR hazard ratio, IVCmax maximum inferior vena cava diameter, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, DVAS visual analogue scale for dyspnea