Skip to main content
. 2023 Jan 18;13:984. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28057-6

Table 1.

Demographic and genetic risk information for adoptees and non-adoptees.

Variable Adoptees N = 117 Non-adoptees N = 4382
Age (years) 9.96 ± 0.60 9.94 ± 0.63
Sex (F/M) 59/58 2184/2198
Handedness (% mostly right-handed) 75% 82%
Youth race White only (33%) White only (73%)
Black only (35%) Black only (10%)
Asian only (9%) Asian only (1%)
Other/mixed race (23%) Other/mixed race (16%)
Participating parent race* White only (73%) White only (78%)
Black only (14%) Black only (10%)
Asian only (3%) Asian only (3%)
Other/mixed race (10%) Other/mixed race (9%)
Family income (USD)** 0 to 24,999 (7%) 0 to 24,999 (10%)
25,000 to 49,999 (11%) 25,000 to 49,999 (13%)
50,000 to 74,999 (15%) 50,000 to 74,999 (14%)
75,000 to 99,999 (21%) 75,000 to 99,999 (16%)
100,000 to 199,999 (36%) 100,000 to 199,999 (34%)
200,000 + (10%) 200,000 + (14%)
Material deprivation 0.26 ± 0.83 0.37 ± 0.98
Participating parent education* Graduate school (40%) Graduate school (29%)
Four-/three-year college (26%) Four-/three-year college (32%)
One-/two-year college (22%) One-/two-year college (28%)
Highschool (12%) Highschool (11%)
Crystallised cognition 85.70 ± 6.32 87.94 ± 6.62
APOE AD PRS 0.023 ± 0.030 0.028 ± 0.033
No-APOE AD PRS 0.007 ± 0.013 0.003 ± 0.012
MDD PRS 0.000 ± 0.003 0.000 ± 0.003
AD PRS 0.016 ± 0.018 0.018 ± 0.020

GRS genetic risk score, AD Alzheimer’s Disease, MDD Major Depressive Disorder. *Due to data availability, we present racial and educational information for the participating parent who tended to be the mother in both adoptive and birth families (91% for both). **Only 103 adoptive families reported income.