Skip to main content
. 2023 Jan 18;408(1):39. doi: 10.1007/s00423-022-02748-6

Table 3.

Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessment of quality and bias

Newcastle–Ottawa Scale
Study ID Selection Comparability Outcome Total score (max = 10) Power
Representativeness of the exposed cohort (max = *) Selection of the non-exposed cohort (max = *) Ascertainment of exposure (max = *) Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study (max = *) Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis (max = **) Assessment of outcome (max = *) Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur (max = *) Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts (max = *)
Moore, 2016 * * * - - * * * 6 Good quality
Pedersen, 2020 * * * - - * - * 5 Good quality
Giger, 2009 * * * - - * - * 5 Good quality
Bjurstorm, 2016 * * * - - * * * 6 Good quality
Muto, 2005 * * * - - * * * 6 Good quality